Why are ceramic ball valves not prone to breaking, and what makes them resistant to breakage?

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Why are ceramic ball valves not prone to breaking, and what makes them resistant to breakage? The materials used are of extremely high quality: it’s not ordinary ceramic, but rather ultra-fine zirconia with a purity of 99.95% (using the same material as zircon gems). It is fired at high temperatures to form a stable tetragonal phase; its crystal grains are very small, giving it high toughness and resistance to cracking. The formula and manufacturing process are carefully designed: stabilizers are added strictly, and the temperature is controlled to prevent \"crystalline phase embrittlement\" within the ceramic. No bubbles or defects form during sintering, and sufficient time is allowed for internal stresses to be released, thereby reducing cracking at its source. The torque design is very safe: strict adherence is followed during design – the maximum force that the ball core can withstand > the force on the valve stem > the force exerted by the actuator > the force required for actual switching. Even if debris gets stuck in the pipe and the actuator is turned hard, it cannot crush the ceramic ball core. The structure is less prone to clogging: the balls are thicker and stronger ； Equipped with independent elastic compensation, it is not prone to getting clogged by particles or fibers, reducing the risk of breakage caused by forced manipulation. Super smooth surface, wear-resistant: It has a very low surface roughness, resulting in low friction and slow wear; it does not crack due to thinning over time or stress concentration. The inspections are very strict: appearance, dimensions, composition, and non-destructive testing are all conducted; before leaving the factory, each ball core is tested for its safety torque, and those that fail the test are discarded to ensure that no defective ceramic ball cores end up in the valves. Those who are interested can contact me to get access to the video — KOWOV