E-book material~Working principle of reciprocating compressors (Part 2)

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II. Working principle of reciprocating compressors: As the crankshaft rotates, the piston moves back and forth via the linkage, causing the working volume formed by the inner wall of the cylinder, the cylinder head, and the top surface of the piston to change periodically. As the piston begins to move from the cylinder head, the working volume inside the cylinder gradually increases. At this point, gas enters the cylinder through the intake pipe by pushing open the intake valve, until the working volume reaches its maximum value at which point the intake valve closes ； When the piston moves in the reverse direction, the working volume inside the cylinder decreases, causing the gas pressure to rise. When the pressure inside the cylinder reaches and slightly exceeds the exhaust pressure, the exhaust valve opens and the gas is expelled from the cylinder, until the piston reaches its extreme position at which point the exhaust valve closes. When the piston moves in the opposite direction again, the above process repeats. In short, as the crankshaft rotates one full turn, the piston moves back and forth once, allowing the processes of intake, compression, and exhaust to take place sequentially within the cylinder – thus completing one working cycle.