Heat exchange tube pulling force
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GB/T151 7.47 specifies the allowable pulling stress for heat exchange tubes and tube sheets. During design calculations, the pulling stress to be checked must be less than the specified allowable value. So, in actual pulling force tests, should the test results be greater than the specified allowable pulling stress, or greater than the maximum pulling stress under various operating conditions as calculated?
It should be greater than the maximum pulling stress under various operating conditions during calculation verification, but a certain margin is required.
It should be greater than the allowable load; factors such as size and surface finish need to be taken into consideration, and it generally should not be less than 1.25 times the allowable load.