Does anyone have the safety management regulations for oil storage areas? Could you share them? Thank you

AQ Industry Standard for Work Safety of the People’s Republic of China AQ/T XXXXX—202X Safety Management Specification for Oil Tank Farms (Draft for Comment) Issued on 202X - XX - XX, Implemented on 202X - XX - XX Issued by the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China ICS 23.020.10 C68 Registration Number: Preface This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Sub-Technical Committee on Chemical Safety of the National Technical Committee for Work Safety Standardization (SAC/TC288/SC3). Drafting organization of this standard: Chemical Registration Center, Ministry of Emergency Management. Main drafters of this standard: xxx, xxx, xxx. Main reviewers of this standard: xxx, xxx, xxx. This standard is published for the first time. Table of Contents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Terms and Definitions 2 4 Site Selection 4 5 Safety of Tank Farm Construction Projects 5 6 Layout 8 7 Safety of Equipment and Facilities 9 8 Operation 16 9 Inspection and Maintenance of Storage Tanks 18 10 Shutdown, Disposal, and Dismantling 21 11 Safety Management 22 Safety Management Standards for Oil Tank Farms 1 Scope This standard specifies the basic safety requirements throughout the entire life cycle of oil tank farms, including site selection, safety of construction projects, layout, safety of equipment and facilities, operation, inspection and maintenance of storage tanks, shutdown and disposal/dismantling, as well as safety management by the construction entity. This standard applies to the safety management and supervision of newly built, expanded, renovated, and existing oil storage areas that constitute major hazard sources. As used in this standard, a tank farm refers to the above-ground storage facilities of oil fields, refining, marketing, and storage and transportation enterprises for receiving, dispatching, and storing crude oil, refined oil products, semi-refined oil products, solvent oils, liquefied hydrocarbons, etc. This standard does not apply to the following tank areas or storage tanks: (1) covered, semi-covered, and cavern tank areas. (2) Tank farms in non-petrochemical industries. (3) Tanks for storing corrosive liquids. 2 Normative reference documents The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For reference documents dated, only the version dated shall apply to this document. For reference documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendment sheets) applies to this document. GB 2894 Safety signs and guidelines for their use
GB 3836 Electrical equipment for explosive gas environments
GB/T 9110 Measurement of oil volume in vertical metal tanks for crude oil – Calculation methods
GB 11651 Specifications for the selection of personal protective equipment
GB 12158 General guidelines for preventing static electricity accidents
GB/T 13347 Flame arresters for petroleum gas pipelines
GB 15599 Lightning protection standards for petroleum and petroleum facilities
GB 17681 Technical requirements for acceptance of safety monitoring and early warning systems in flammable and explosive tank farms
GB/T 18273 Direct static measurement method for oil volume in vertical tanks containing petroleum and liquid petroleum products (HTG mass measurement method)
GB/T 27921 Risk management – Risk assessment techniques
GB/T 29639 Guidelines for preparing emergency response plans for production safety accidents in production and business entities
GB/T 37243 Methods for determining external safety distances from production installations and storage facilities for hazardous chemicals
GB 50057 Design code for lightning protection of buildings
GB 50058 Design code for electrical installations in explosive atmospheres
GB 50074 Design code for oil depots
GB 50116 Design code for automatic fire alarm systems
GB 50128 Construction code for vertical cylindrical steel welded storage tanks
GB 50151 Design code for foam fire extinguishing systems
GB 50160 Fire protection design standards for petrochemical enterprises
GB 50183 Fire protection design code for petroleum and natural gas engineering projects
GB 50257 Installation works of electrical equipment – Construction and acceptance specifications for electrical installations in explosive and fire-prone environments
GB 50252 Unified criteria for acceptance of construction quality in industrial installation projects
GB 50300 Unified criteria for acceptance of construction quality in building projects
GB 50341 Design code for vertical cylindrical steel welded oil storage tanks
GB 50351 Design code for fire dikes in tank farms
GB/T 50393 Technical standards for anti-corrosion engineering of steel petroleum storage tanks
GB/T 50493 Design standards for detection and alarm systems for combustible and toxic gases in petrochemical industries
GB 50650 Design code for lightning protection of petrochemical installations
GB 50737 Design code for petroleum reserve depots
GB/T 50770 Design code for safety instrumented systems in petrochemical industries
AQ 3013 General specifications for safety standardization in enterprises handling hazardous chemicals
AQ 3035 General technical specifications for safety monitoring of major hazardous chemical installations
AQ 3036 Specifications for setting up on-site safety monitoring equipment in tank farms containing major hazardous chemical installations
AQ 3047 Specifications for safety warning signs in workplaces involving chemicals
AQ/T 9006 Basic specifications for enterprise safety standardization
SH/T 3007 Design code for tank farms within petrochemical storage and transportation systems
SH/T 3019 Design code for instrumentation piping systems in petrochemical industries
SH/T 3022 Design code for anti-corrosion coatings applied to petrochemical equipment and pipelines
SH/T 3097 Design code for static grounding systems in petrochemical industries
SH/T 3528 Construction and acceptance specifications for foundations and bases of steel storage tanks used in petrochemical industries
SY/T 0511 Accessories for petroleum storage tanks
SY/T 0608 Design and construction of large welded low-pressure storage tanks
SY 4200 General provisions for acceptance of construction quality in petroleum and natural gas construction projects
SY 4202 Acceptance criteria for construction quality in petroleum and natural gas storage tank projects
SY/T 5225 Technical regulations for fire and explosion prevention during drilling, development, storage, and transportation of petroleum and natural gas
SY/T 5921 Operating, maintenance, and repair specifications for vertical cylindrical steel welded oil storage tanks
SY 6306 Safety operating specifications for steel crude oil storage tanks
SY 6503 Safety specifications for detection and alarm systems related to combustible gases in petroleum and natural gas projects
SY/T 6620 Inspection, repair, reconstruction, and retrofitting of oil storage tanks
SY/T 6696 Specifications for mechanical cleaning operations of storage tanks
SY/T 6820 Safe entry and cleaning procedures for petroleum storage tanks
JB/T 4730 Non-destructive testing of pressure-bearing equipment
TB 10063 Fire protection design code for railway engineering projects
API Std 2000 Venting of atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks
ISO 16852 Flame arresters – Performance requirements, test methods, and limits for use

3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 A tank farm is an area composed of one or several groups of tanks. Tank farm types include oil depot tank farms, storage depot tank farms, plant tank farms, oil station tank farms, and pipeline station tank farms. 3.2 Tank group: A group of above-ground storage tanks located within the same fire dike. 3.3 Tank farm in the oil depot: An independent facility for receiving, storing crude oil, refined oil, and other flammable and combustible liquid chemicals; it also includes corporate-affiliated tank farms and independent pipeline tank farms. 3.4 Petroleum Strategic Energy Reserves Tank Farm: A general term for petroleum reserve tank farms and corporate oil storage tank farms with a total capacity of 1,200,000 m³ or more. 3.5 The tank farm within the process plant is located within the premises of a petrochemical enterprise; it does not participate directly in the production processes of the plant. However, as required by the process requirements, it is an area composed of storage tanks that are installed within the plant for purposes such as balancing production, product quality testing, or initial investments. 3.6 Tank farm in the oil and gas station A tank farm located within an oil and gas field station, used for storing flammable and combustible liquids. 3.7 Tank farm in the oil pipeline station: A tank farm located within an oil pipeline station, used for storing flammable and combustible liquids, and dedicated to the receipt, delivery, and storage of oil transported through pipelines. 3.8 The independent tank farm in the oil pipeline station is connected to the oil pipelines; it differs from the tank areas at pipeline pumping stations, as it is not a facility for receiving, storing, and handling oil products specifically designed to serve pipeline operations. 3.9 Tank farm attached to an enterprise: A tank farm located outside the premises of a petrochemical enterprise, and designed to serve the production or operational needs of that enterprise. 3.10 Super oil tank farm: A petroleum storage area that stores both crude oil and other flammable and combustible liquids that are not crude oil, and whose total calculated capacity of the storage tanks is 1,200,000 m³ or more. 3.11 Liquefied hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon liquids and other similar liquids with a vapor pressure greater than 0.1 MPa at 15°C, excluding liquefied natural gas. 3.12 Above-ground double-layer-metal tank: A tank composed of an inner tank and an outer tank. There is a certain amount of space between the inner and outer tank walls as well as between the upper and lower tank bottoms; the outer tank can hold the liquid that leaks from the inner tank, thereby preventing the stored medium from leaking further into the external environment ； The liquid leaking from the bottom plate of the upper tank flows above the bottom plate of the lower tank, and can flow outward to the outside of the tank foundation, allowing personnel to promptly assess the integrity of the tank bottom plates. 3.13 Fire dikes are structures used to prevent the spread of flammable and combustible liquids as well as fires in the event of a leak from storage tanks. 3.14 A dividing dike is a structure used, in the event of a minor leak from a storage tank within a fire dike, to divide a group of storage tanks into multiple areas in order to reduce the scope of spread of flammable and combustible liquids. 3.15 A cofferdam is a structure used to reduce the scope of impact in the event of minor leaks from storage tanks within a dike, by isolating each tank within that dike individually. 3.16 Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a systematic approach that quantitatively analyzes the frequency and consequences of accidents in a particular facility or operational activity, and compares them with acceptable risk criteria. 3.17 Safety monitoring and controlling equipment: These are devices used for monitoring, detecting, and controlling hazardous factors (parameters) in tank areas. They generally include process parameters such as the level, temperature, and pressure of the medium inside the tanks, as well as the concentration of flammable/toxic gases in the area, the presence of open flames, meteorological parameters, and video signals. The main early warning and alarm indicators include high and low liquid level deviations related to liquid level, deviations in temperature, pressure, flow rate, and volume flow; as well as deviations and abnormalities in the concentrations of flammable and toxic gases in the air, open flames, and wind speed. 3.18 Emergency relief valve: A valve that releases gas outside the tank in order to prevent the pressure inside the tank from exceeding a specified value, when the pressure inside the tank rises above that limit. 4 Site Selection 4.1 General Requirements (1) The site selection for tank areas should be planned in a unified manner and arranged in a concentrated fashion, with priority given to locating them within chemical industrial parks or industrial clusters. (2) The site selection for the tank farm should also comply with urban and rural planning, environmental protection, and fire safety requirements. The location of the tank farm should be far away from densely populated areas, drinking water sources, important transportation hubs, and other such locations. (3) In mountainous or hilly areas, liquefied hydrocarbon sphere tank areas should be avoided in areas with poor air circulation. (4) When multiple construction units are arranged in a concentrated area, it is advisable to control the overall storage capacity of the region during planning. (5) When selecting a site for the tank farm, regional overhead communication lines and overhead power lines should be avoided. (6) When there are special requirements regarding the external safety distance between important item warehouses (or storage yards), **facilities, airports, etc. and the tank farm, the relevant regulations shall be followed or solutions shall be reached through consultation. 4.2 External distances The distances between tank farms for reserves, oil depots, industrial facilities, and stations on one hand, and surrounding residential areas, industrial and mining enterprises, transportation routes, etc., on the other hand shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50737, GB 50074, GB 50160, and GB 50183 respectively. Among them, the distance between the tank farm and the highway outside it shall also comply with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Highway Safety Protection and TB 10063. In addition to meeting the above requirements, the following provisions must also be complied with: (1) When there are conflicts in the external distance requirements for different types of tank areas, the strictest safety regulations shall prevail. When the standard specifications do not specify any requirements, the external safety protection distance for production installations and storage facilities of hazardous chemicals may be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 37243. (2) For tank farms that constitute first- and second-class major hazard sources, a quantitative risk assessment method can be used to determine the external safety protection distance. However, the external safety protection distance calculated through quantitative risk assessment must not be less than the distance required by the standards. When an individual’s or society’s risk level exceeds the relevant threshold standards, measures should be taken to reduce the risk. (3) For storage tanks with a double-layer wall above ground, the distance between the tank and external facilities can be appropriately reduced upon evaluation and with the approval of the competent authorities; otherwise, it must not be less than the external distance required by relevant standards. 4.2.1 When external distances do not meet current standard requirements: When the distances between existing tank farms and surrounding facilities comply with the regulations in effect during the construction period but do not meet current regulations, a safety assessment shall be conducted. When the risk is acceptable, continued use is permitted ； When the risk is unacceptable, rectifications should be carried out in accordance with the principle of \"new constructions giving way to existing ones\". 5 Safety of tank farm construction projects 5.1 General requirements (1) The safety facilities for construction projects shall be designed, constructed simultaneously with the main project, and put into production and use at the same time. (2) When conducting feasibility studies for construction projects, the project owner shall commission a safety assessment agency with the appropriate qualifications to carry out a preliminary safety assessment of the project, and apply to the competent authorities for a review of the safety conditions. (3) In cases where a construction project that has already passed the safety condition review or been filed exhibits any of the following circumstances, the construction unit shall re-conduct a safety assessment of the project and reapply for review or filing: —— Significant changes occur in the conditions surrounding the construction project ； ——Those with a changed construction location ； ——Significant changes occur in the main technologies, storage media, or scale of the devices ； ——The construction project has not commenced within the validity period of the opinion on the safety condition review; if construction is to be started after the expiration of this period. (4) If the design of the safety facilities for a construction project that has been approved through review presents any of the following circumstances, the project owner shall apply to the original reviewing department for a review of the revised design of those safety facilities: —— There are significant changes in the scale of the construction project, its production process, raw materials, or equipment ； ——Changes to the design of safety facilities that may reduce their safety performance ； ——Redesigned during construction. 5.2 Design 5.2.1 Qualifications of design agencies The design agencies responsible for construction projects must possess the Class A qualification for engineering design in fields such as chemicals, petrochemicals, oil, and gas, as specified in the \"Engineering Design Qualification Standards\". 5.2.2 Responsibilities of the design unit (1) The legal representative of the design unit shall be fully responsible for the safe design of the project. (2) Personnel in various management and design positions at the design unit shall be held fully responsible for the safe design of the project throughout its lifetime. (3) The design unit should, in light of the actual conditions of domestic construction projects, actively adopt advanced foreign safety technologies and risk management methods to improve the level of intrinsically safe design. (4) For construction projects that adopt new structures, new materials, and new processes, the design unit shall propose measures in the design to ensure the safety of construction workers and prevent work-related accidents. 5.2.3 Responsibilities of the project owner (1) The project owner shall, at the preliminary (or basic) design stage of the project, entrust a design firm with the appropriate qualifications to simultaneously design the safety facilities for the project, prepare a dedicated document for the design of these safety facilities, and submit it to the relevant authorities for review. (2) The construction unit shall adopt processes, technologies, equipment, and automatic control systems that contribute to improving the safety level of the storage tanks. (3) When the storage tank employs new technologies, new processes, new equipment, or new materials that are not explicitly specified in current ** or industry standards, the project owner shall organize relevant units such as those responsible for design, research, testing, construction, and safety to conduct technical evaluations and risk assessments. 5.2.4 Design basis: The design of oil storage tank areas shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50737; the design of oil depots’ tank areas shall follow the relevant provisions of GB 50074; the design of plant tank areas shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50160; whereas the design of tank areas in oil and gas field stations as well as pipeline transmission station areas shall adhere to the relevant provisions of GB 50183. 5.2.5 Design documents The design documents for the tank farm shall include: —— Design drawings ； ——Technical requirements for equipment manufacturing and installation ； ——Condition suitability evaluation ； ——Hazard identification ； ——HAZOP analysis report. 5.2.6 Safety Review During the preliminary design phase of a project, the design agency shall conduct a safety review of the following design documents based on the characteristics of the construction project: ——General layout plan ； ——Equipment layout diagram ； ——Explosion Hazard Zone Classification Map ； ——Process Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (PID) ； ——Safety interlocks, emergency shutdown systems, and safety instrumented systems ； ——Flammable and toxic material leakage detection system ； ——Fire protection systems and facilities. 5.3 Construction and Acceptance 5.3.1 General Requirements (1) Construction projects shall not commence or be put into production (use) without undergoing safety reviews and the acceptance inspection of safety facilities. (2) Before starting trial production, the newly built tank farm must obtain third-party inspections for electrical explosion protection as well as lightning and static electricity protection, pass fire safety inspections, and have its trial production plan reviewed by experts. (3) When there are objections to the special acceptance opinions, a qualified entity should be commissioned to conduct a special safety assessment. 5.3.2 Qualifications of the construction contractor Construction projects should be carried out by construction contractors that possess the **required qualifications, and the project owner shall examine and verify such qualifications. 5.3.3 Responsibilities of the construction unit (1) The construction unit shall carry out the construction in accordance with the reviewed and approved design of safety facilities, and shall be responsible for the construction quality of the tank farm. (2) After the construction of safety facilities is completed, the construction unit shall prepare a report on the construction status of the safety facilities for the construction project. The report on the construction of safety facilities for a construction project should include the following information: —— Basic details of the construction contractor, including the construction projects it has undertaken in the past ； ——Qualification status of the construction contractor ； ——Laws, regulations, rules, and **standards as well as industry standards that serve as the basis for construction and are to be followed in its implementation ； ——Construction quality control status ； ——Construction changes, including modifications to safety-related facilities during the construction and trial production phases of the construction project. 5.3.4 Construction Requirements (1) If modifications to the original design documents of the tank farm are necessary during construction, written approval from the original design firm must be obtained in advance, and detailed records of the modified areas must be kept. (2) During construction, the use of construction tools and methods that have been explicitly phased out or declared obsolete is prohibited. 5.3.5 Responsibilities of the project owner (1) The project owner shall strengthen the management of design and construction changes. When significant changes occur, the design and construction units shall submit a new application for approval in accordance with the management procedures. The changes should not affect the safety and quality of the project. (2) When the total investment in a construction project exceeds 30 million yuan, the project owner shall entrust a supervision unit to carry out comprehensive supervision of the construction progress, quality, and safety throughout the process, and shall conduct inspections together with the supervision unit. The supervision unit shall possess the appropriate professional qualifications, and the project owner shall review and verify such qualifications. (3) Before the newly built tank farm is completed and put into production or use, the construction unit shall organize experts to review the trial production plan and verify the safety facilities at the same time. (4) The construction unit shall complete the identification, safety assessment, classification, and registration of major hazard sources prior to the completion acceptance of the construction project. (5) During the trial production of safety facilities, the project owner shall entrust a safety assessment agency with the appropriate qualifications to conduct a safety acceptance assessment of those facilities; it is not permitted to use the same safety assessment agency that conducted the safety assessment during the feasibility study phase. 5.3.6 Responsibilities of the design unit (1) The design unit shall be involved throughout the construction process, and shall prepare as-built drawings upon completion of the construction. (2) During the commissioning phase, the design unit should participate in the safety review prior to the operation of the tank farm, providing technical support for a safe commissioning process. (3) Within 2 years after the completion and commissioning of the construction project for which design services were provided, the design firm shall conduct follow-up visits to identify any safety issues that arise during the operation of the tank farm, as well as any modifications made to the original design on site, in order to continuously improve the quality of the design. 5.3.7 Acceptance of construction projects Before a construction project is put into use, its construction quality must be inspected and accepted in accordance with the design documents, as well as applicable standards and specifications such as GB 50300, GB 50252, SY 4200, GB 50128, SY 4202, and SH/T 3528. 6 Layout 6.1 General requirements (1) The facilities within the tank farm should be arranged at the same elevation, and measures should be taken to prevent leaks of flammable liquids from reaching process units, other important facilities throughout the plant, or areas where people gather. When constraints require installation at different elevations, the slope should not face residential buildings or other critical facilities; important facilities such as control rooms, service areas, substation stations, and fire pump stations should be located at higher elevations. (2) The construction unit shall take measures to prevent the leakage of flammable liquids and contaminated fire-fighting water from the tank farm from escaping outside the facility. (3) There should be clear boundary facilities between the tank area and the living area and office area. 6.2 Fire separation distances between adjacent storage tanks and between storage tanks and adjacent buildings/structures: The fire separation distances between adjacent storage tanks within the same fire dike, as well as between storage tanks and those in adjacent tank groups or buildings/structures, shall be set in accordance with relevant regulations. Tank areas in oil depots shall comply with the provisions of GB 50074, those in oil reserve depots shall follow the provisions of GB 50737, tank areas in processing plants shall adhere to the provisions of GB 50160, and tank areas in stations shall comply with the provisions of GB 50183. In addition to meeting the requirements of the aforementioned standards, the fire separation distances between adjacent storage tanks, as well as between storage tanks and adjacent buildings or structures, shall also comply with the following provisions: (1) For those parts that were designed in accordance with the standards applicable at the time of construction regarding fire separation distances and the width of fire roads, and cannot be modified to meet current standards, safety measures to reduce risks should be implemented based on the results of risk assessment. (2) For storage tanks with a double-layer wall above ground, the fire separation distances between the tanks and the facilities within the tank farm, as well as between adjacent tanks, can be appropriately reduced on the basis of a safety assessment and with the approval of the competent authorities. (3) Within the same tank farm area, where there are multiple corporate tank farm entities, the safety spacing between them can be determined in accordance with the standards applicable to similar enterprises ； Construction units should sign safety agreements to implement unified safety management. 6.3 Fire dike 6.3.1 General requirements The installation of fire dikes shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50351; in addition, the following requirements shall also be met: (1) Fire dikes shall be constructed from non-combustible materials, and they must be tight, airtight, and leak-proof. (2) The distance from the tank wall to the base of the fire dike shall not be less than half of the tank wall height. The storage tank built on the side of a mountain should have a distance of no less than 3m from the mountain side. (3) All types of pipelines and cables entering and leaving the tank farm should cross above the fire dike or protective wall, or pass beneath the ground. When it is necessary to pass directly through fire dikes or protective walls, sleeves should be installed and sealed tightly with non-combustible materials, or a fixed short pipe should be used with both ends connected by flexible hoses. (4) Water collection facilities should be installed within the fire dike. The rainwater drainage pipes connecting the water collection facilities should flow outside the dike below the designed ground level within the fire dike, and safe and reliable oil-trapping and drainage devices should be installed. (5) Greening is strictly prohibited within the fire dike of the liquefied hydrocarbon tank farm. (6) Full-frozen double-proof or full-proof tank assemblies for liquefied hydrocarbons may not require a fire dike. 6.3.2 Effective capacity of the fire dike: The effective volume of the fire dike shall not be less than the volume of the largest tank in the tank farm. When floating-roof or internal floating-roof tank farms cannot meet this requirement, an accident storage tank shall be installed to hold the remaining volume; however, the effective volume of the fire dike shall still not be less than half of the volume of the largest tank in the tank farm. 6.4 Tank Arrangement (1) The total number of tanks in a single tank group shall comply with the following requirements: —— When constructing new tanks with a maximum single-tank capacity greater than 50,000 m3, the number of tanks shall not exceed 4 ； ——When the maximum capacity of a single tank is 10,000 m3 or more, the number of tanks should not exceed 12 ； ——When the maximum capacity of a single tank is 1000 m3 or more, the number of tanks should not exceed 16 ； ——For tank groups with a single tank capacity of less than 1000 m³ or that store only Class B liquids, there is no limit on the number of storage tanks. (2) Storage tanks shall be arranged in groups in accordance with the following provisions: Tanks storing Class A B, Class B, and Class C A oils may be placed in the same tank group ； C Class B liquid storage tanks should be installed in separate tank groups ； ——Atmospheric pressure storage tanks should not be located in the same tank farm as liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks ； ——Boiling liquid storage tanks should not be arranged in the same group as non-boiling liquid storage tanks ； ——Vertical storage tanks should not be placed in the same tank group as high-level tanks or horizontal storage tanks ； ——Storage tanks for liquids of toxicity grades I and II should not be located in the same tank group as storage tanks for other flammable and combustible liquids ； ——Tanks that cannot withstand the lowest temperature resulting from a leak of any medium within the tank group should not be placed in the same tank group. (3) The total capacity of the storage tanks within a single tank group shall comply with the following requirements: —— Fixed-roof tank groups shall not exceed 120,000 m³ ； ——The combined tank group of fixed-roof and external or internal floating-roof tanks should not exceed 120,000 m³; the capacity of external floating-roof tanks and internal floating-roof tanks with steel materials for their roofs can be counted as 50% of the total capacity of the combined tank group ； ——The external floating roof tank cluster should not exceed 600,000 m³. (4) Within the same fire dike, partitions should be used to separate the groups of storage tanks, and the installation of such partitions shall comply with the following requirements: —— When the capacity of a single tank is greater than 20,000 m3, the number of storage tanks within one partition shall not exceed 1 ； ——When the capacity of a single tank is greater than or equal to 5000 m3 and less than or equal to 20000 m3, the number of storage tanks within the dike should not exceed 4 ； ——When the capacity of a single tank is less than 5000 m³, the number of storage tanks within the dike should not exceed 6 ； ——For overflow-type oil storage tanks, the number of tanks within a dike should not exceed 2 ； ——For non-flooding Class B petroleum product storage tanks, the number of tanks within a dike is not subject to the above limitations. (5) For Class A B and Class B A flammable liquid storage tanks with a volume greater than 5000 m3 and less than or equal to 20000 m3, a dike with a height of not less than 300 mm shall be installed between the tanks. (6) The number of storage tanks for Class B liquid C that have a single-tank capacity of less than 1000 m3 should not exceed 4 rows ； Other storage tanks should not exceed 2 rows. (7) Fully frozen horizontal liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks should not be arranged in multiple layers. 7 Safety of equipment and facilities 7.1 Safety of storage tanks 7.1.1 General requirements The design of atmospheric pressure storage tanks shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current standard GB 50341 ； The design of low-pressure storage tanks shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current standard SY/T 0608 ； The design and selection of tank accessories shall also comply with the relevant provisions of the current standard SY/T 0511. In addition to meeting the aforementioned standards, the design of storage tanks shall also comply with the following requirements: (1) For external floating roof tanks with a capacity of 50,000 m³ or more, two ladders or staircases shall be installed on the outer wall, and a double operation platform shall be provided on the tank top; each platform shall be equipped with a foam riser and a water distributor. (2) The emergency drainage holes on the floating roof should have a water seal and the capability to prevent backflow of liquid. (3) Two valves should be installed at the bottom drain of the tank, and a steel gate valve should be fitted at the outlet of the central drain pipe. (4) Storage tanks equipped with steam heaters shall have measures in place to prevent the liquid from overheating. (5) In addition to meeting the requirements of relevant specifications regarding the size and capacity of storage tanks, the following rules shall also be complied with: —— The capacity of a single floating-roof storage tank shall not exceed 150,000 m3 ； ——For fixed-roof tanks and floating-roof tanks used for storing flammable liquids of Classes B and A, the diameter should not exceed 48 meters ； ——The wall height of floating roof, internal floating roof, and fixed roof storage tanks shall not exceed 24 m ； ——Storage tanks for Class A B and Class B A liquids with toxicity levels I and II should not exceed 10,000 m3 in volume ； (6) Full-pressure liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks shall adopt water injection measures to prevent the leakage of liquefied hydrocarbons. 7.1.2 Breather valves Fixed-roof storage tanks used for storing Class A and B liquids, as well as tanks that employ a nitrogen or other inert gas sealing system, shall be equipped with breather valves. The installation of breather valves shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Breather valves shall have anti-freezing functionality or anti-freezing measures shall be taken. When the material may crystallize at ambient temperature, the breather valve should be equipped with anti-crystallization measures. (2) The exhaust pressure of the breather valve should be lower than the design positive pressure of the storage tank, while the intake pressure of the breather valve should be higher than the design negative pressure of the storage tank. (3) The number of breather valves and their ventilation capacity shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current standards SH/T 3007 and SY/T 0511. 7.1.3　Flame arresters shall be installed in the vent lines connected to the tank roofs of fixed-roof storage tanks holding Class A, B, and C A liquids, as well as those of storage tanks with sealed protection systems using nitrogen or other inert gases; furthermore, flame arresters shall be installed in the central vent pipes on the roofs of internal floating-roof storage tanks. The installation of flame arresters shall comply with the following provisions: (1) The flame arrester on the vent valve should be installed on the outside of the vent valve. (2) The flame arrester shall have anti-freezing capabilities or appropriate anti-freezing measures; when crystallization of the material is possible at the ambient temperature, the flame arrester shall have anti-crystallization measures. (3) The flame arrestors on the branches connected to the tank roof vent shall be detonation-type flame arrestors. The material for the internal components of the flame arrester should be stainless steel ； If the medium is corrosive or the flame arrester is used in a corrosive environment, the housing material should also be stainless steel. (4) The pressure drop of the flame arrester should not exceed 0.3 kPa. 7.1.4 Emergency Relief Valves The installation of emergency relief valves on storage tanks shall comply with the following requirements: (1) The discharge capacity of the emergency relief valves shall be greater than or equal to the tank’s safe discharge capacity, and both the discharge capacity and the safe discharge capacity shall meet the relevant provisions of the current standard API Std 2000. (2) Emergency relief valves must pass calibration before they can be installed and used. After passing the calibration, the calibration agency shall issue a calibration report and apply a seal to the valve that has passed the calibration. (3) The calibration unit for emergency relief valves shall have calibration technicians, calibration instruments, equipment, and facilities suitable for the calibration work. 7.1.5 Flexible pipe connections: The inlet and outlet pipes of storage tanks shall be equipped with flexible connections; in the absence of such connections, the pipe’s capacity for compensation shall be determined based on seismic effects. (1) The hoses should be connected securely, and the adjustment of the auxiliary tie rods of the bellows compensators must comply with the regulations for storage tanks, leaving a proper margin. (2) Metal hoses or bellows compensators should be used in Category IV sites in areas with an earthquake intensity of 6 degrees, as well as in Categories III and IV sites in areas with an earthquake intensity of 7 degrees; and in Categories II, III, and IV sites in areas with an earthquake intensity of 8 or 9 degrees. (3) Combustible liquid pipelines shall not be connected using non-metallic flexible hoses. (4) Liquefied hydrocarbon pipelines shall not be connected using hoses. 7.1.6 VOCs leakage control measures for storage tanks: Appropriate sealing measures to prevent VOCs leakage should be implemented for the penetrative openings on the floating roof accessories of storage tanks, such as the guiding pipes, supports, oil level gauges, sampling ports, emergency drainage ports, and automatic venting ports. It shall also comply with the following requirements: (1) Primary and secondary seals shall be provided at the edge of the floating roof of the external floating roof tank. In areas prone to thunderstorms, a soft seal should be used for sealing, along with a submerged installation method ； Measures should also be taken to reduce the oil and gas space between the primary and secondary seals. (2) Under the condition that the radial sealing clearance between the outer edge plate of the floating roof and the tank wall is within ±100 mm, the seals for the primary and secondary seals should still be able to maintain good contact with the tank wall. (3) Sealing measures to prevent oil and gas leakage should be installed on floating roof guide pipes, oil level measuring pipes, and floating roof supports. (4) Emergency drainage outlets shall be equipped with water seals or other devices to prevent oil and gas leakage. (5) Internal floating roof tanks used for storing hazardous chemicals such as benzene, toluene, and xylene should implement oil and gas emission control measures, and the concentration of such emissions must meet the requirements of relevant environmental protection standards. 7.1.7 Nitrogen blanketing (or other inert gas) facilities The design of nitrogen blanketing (or other inert gas) systems should adhere to the principles of safety, economy, and ease of operation and maintenance, so as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of storage tanks. The installation of nitrogen sealing (or other inert gas) systems for storage tanks shall comply with the following provisions: (1) Nitrogen sealing (or other inert gas) systems shall be installed in storage tanks of the following types: —— Storage tanks for Class A B and Class B A liquids with toxicity levels I and II ； ——Storage tanks for Class B and Class A intermediate raw materials ； ——Aromatic hydrocarbon storage tanks, light contaminated oil storage tanks, acidic water tanks ； ——Tanks containing hydrocarbons and sulfides where the concentration in the vent gas exceeds 1% (50% of the lower explosive limit, 25 mg) ； ——Fixed-roof tanks for heavy oil stored at temperatures above 140°C ； ——Storing easily oxidizable, easily polymerizing, and unstable media. (2) After modifying the storage tank for nitrogen blanketing (or other inert gas), a breather valve equipped with a flame arrester and a pressure emergency relief valve should be installed. The set pressure of the emergency relief valve must not exceed the maximum design pressure of the storage tank. (3) The pressure settings of the vent valve, emergency relief valve, or control valve should not overlap. (4) When modifying a storage tank for nitrogen blanketing (or other inert gases), it is necessary to re-check the strength of the tank shell and make appropriate modifications to its structure. The inlet and outlet pressures of the breather valve should be set based on the tank’s pressure-bearing capacity. 7.1.8 Gas connection between storage tanks: In a tank area where storage tanks are connected to each other, the focus of safety risk control should be on preventing major fires involving multiple tanks, and the following requirements shall be met: (1) Explosion-proof flame arresters made of stainless steel shall be installed at the locations where the VOCs vapor branches connect to the tanks, as well as at the inlet of the waste gas treatment equipment. When a steady-state detonation type flame arrester is used, its installation should be avoided in areas prone to unsteady-state detonations. (2) The blast suppression type flame arrester shall meet the test requirements specified in the current standards ISO 16852 and GB/T 13347, and a third-party testing certification document shall be provided; furthermore, the pressure drop shall not exceed 0.3 kPa. (3) When open-flame equipment or flare systems are used to treat VOCs, a HAZOP analysis should be conducted on the oil and gas connection at the tank top as well as on the VOCs collection process, to ensure compliance with the safety technical requirements of the subsequent treatment equipment. 7.1.9 Emergency shut-off devices Storage tanks that constitute primary and secondary major hazard sources shall be equipped with emergency shut-off functions. The actuator of the emergency shut-off valve shall have fail-safe features and shall be capable of remote operation. The emergency shut-off valve for fully pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks should be installed at the base of the tank. 7.1.10 High-high and low-low level interlocks (1) Storage tanks that hold liquids of primary and secondary toxicity and constitute primary and secondary major hazard sources shall be equipped with high-high level interlock systems, while external floating roof tanks and internal floating roof tanks with a capacity of 50,000 m³ or more shall be equipped with low-low level interlock systems. The safety functions of the interlock shutdown system can be implemented through basic process control (PLC, DCS, or SCADA) systems, or through SIS systems. The installation of a level interlock system shall take into account the impacts resulting from such interlocks, and shall comply with the following requirements: —— Operating tank farms that have not undergone HAZOP studies or SIL assessments shall be equipped with an independent SIS system. ——Tank areas that are classified as major hazard sources of level 1 or 2 for highly toxic liquids shall be equipped with an independent SIS system. ——The SIS system for storage tanks shall be configured in accordance with the SIL level determined by the safety assessment, and shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 50770. ——In a SIS system, the sensing elements and actuating elements of each circuit should be installed independently, and the safety integrity level should be considered as SIL2. (2) Liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks shall be equipped with high liquid level alarms and automatic interlock shutdown of feeding at extremely high liquid levels. The set level for the high liquid level alarm should not be higher than the level at which the liquid volume reaches 90% of the tank’s calculated capacity. 7.2 Corrosion protection of storage tanks 7.2.1 General requirements (1) The anti-corrosion work for storage tanks shall be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main construction of the tanks. (2) The design of the anti-corrosion project for storage tanks, the quality requirements and inspection methods for raw materials, construction and acceptance, as well as relevant safety requirements, shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 50393 and SH/T 3022. 7.2.2 Corrosion Engineering Supervision: The project owner shall supervise and manage the anti-corrosion work for storage tanks, implementing comprehensive management throughout the entire process, from the design and material selection of anti-corrosion measures to construction and final acceptance. Tank users should establish a corrosion record for the tanks. 7.2.3 Qualification requirements for construction units: Corrosion prevention companies must hold a Chinese corrosion prevention qualification certificate, as well as the corresponding Chinese corrosion prevention safety certificate. Companies that are engaged in the corrosion prevention design of storage tanks should possess a qualification certificate for corrosion prevention design issued by the Chinese Corrosion Prevention Technology Association, or at least a basic qualification certificate for such design work ； Units engaged in corrosion protection work for storage tanks must hold a construction qualification certificate of level 2 or higher issued by the China Corrosion Protection Technology Association. 7.2.4 Coating Certificate The supplier of raw materials used in anti-corrosion projects shall conduct self-inspections on the materials and issue quality certification documents for them; such documents shall include at least the following information: (1) If there are current **standards applicable to the materials, these shall be included, along with material test reports and product qualification certificates ； There are no **standard specifications for the materials, including quality and technical parameters as well as the corresponding testing methods. (2) Physical properties (hazards) of various coating components and precautions, etc. 7.2.5 On-site construction conditions: The anti-corrosion work on storage tanks can commence only when the following conditions are met: (1) All technical documents related to design, construction, and raw materials are available, and a specific coating plan has been prepared, specifying the amount of coating to be used for each layer as well as the required thickness. The construction plan and drawings have undergone review and technical briefing. (2) The construction workers involved in the tank anti-corrosion project have received specialized technical and safety training; they are familiar with the construction methods, technical requirements, and corresponding quality control measures, as well as aware of the chemical hazards associated with the raw materials and the safety procedures to follow in case of personal injuries. The construction team should have dedicated personnel responsible for the technical quality management and safety management of the construction work. (3) A comprehensive safety inspection system has been established for construction. A safety inspection system should include at least the following elements: safety production responsibility systems, fire prevention, explosion prevention, lightning protection, and static electricity prevention measures; safety measures for storing raw materials; protective measures for workers; safety procedures for tasks such as rust removal, work inside storage tanks, electrical operations, and the use of scaffolding; as well as measures for managing the \"three wastes\" – wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste – in anti-corrosion coating processes. (4) All various raw materials, construction equipment, and testing instruments must pass the necessary inspections to ensure they are safe and reliable; they must also be approved and signed off on by both the project management department and the construction unit. Where necessary, the quality of anti-corrosion materials must be verified by a third party. (5) The protective facilities are complete and reliable; the ventilation at the site is good, and the water, electricity, and gas supplies for construction meet the requirements for continuous work. (6) The painting site should maintain good ventilation conditions, and forced ventilation measures should be taken if necessary. (7) If the storage tank comes into contact with highly corrosive liquids such as seawater before use, temporary sacrificial anode protection measures should be employed inside the tank. 7.2.6 Corrosion resistance quality requirements (1) When storage tanks are protected by coatings, the design life of the corrosion-resistant coating should not be less than 10 years. (2) The inner surface of the bottom plate of crude oil storage tanks, as well as the inner surface of the wall panels below the oil-water interface, should be protected using a combination of aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes and insulating anti-corrosion coatings. 7.3 Safety monitoring equipment 7.3.1 General requirements (1) The installation of safety monitoring equipment in tank farms shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 17681, AQ 3035, and AQ 3036. (2) Process parameters such as the liquid level, temperature, and pressure of the storage tank, as well as parameters related to the concentration of flammable and toxic gases within the fire dike and video signals, should be continuously monitored and transmitted remotely to the control room. The electronically recorded data must be retained for at least 30 days. Fullly frozen liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks should also be equipped with vacuum relief facilities and high/low temperature monitoring, and should be connected to an automatic control system. (3) The basic data on hazardous chemicals stored in the tank area, data on the monitoring and analysis of major risks, as well as real-time video surveillance images from key locations, should be integrated into the provincial hazardous chemicals risk monitoring and early warning system. (4) The installation of monitoring equipment shall follow GB 3836 and GB 50058 for the classification of explosive hazard areas, and instruments and electrical devices of the appropriate rating shall be selected. (5) The laying of safety monitoring transmission cables shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50257 and SH/T 3019. (6) A perimeter alarm system should be installed in areas far from the production area or in separate liquefied hydrocarbon storage areas; this perimeter alarm system should be capable of operating in conjunction with the industrial television monitoring system. 7.3.2 Meteorological Monitors Weather monitoring devices should be installed in the tank area to monitor parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, and ambient temperature in real time. The monitoring data should be connected to the tank farm safety monitoring system. 7.3.3 Thermometers (1) Tank temperature sensors are usually installed on the tank wall or suspended at the top of the tank. Temperature monitoring points should be selected at representative locations. When measuring the temperature of the medium inside a tank, one or more representative temperature monitoring points can be established depending on the tank’s capacity and the properties of the medium. (2) Storage tanks equipped with steam heaters shall be fitted with appropriate facilities to control the temperature of the medium. 7.3.4 Level gauges (1) Storage tanks with a capacity greater than 100 m³ shall be equipped with continuous level measurement and transmission instruments, and shall have high and low level alarm functions. (2) Level measuring instruments equipped with high-high and low-low level alarm signals shall use separate continuous level measuring instruments or level switches, and the alarm signals shall be transmitted to the automatic control system. The set level for the high liquid level alarm should not be higher than the level at which the liquid volume reaches 90% of the calculated volume of the spherical tank. (3) The same storage tank should be equipped with at least two different types of level detection instruments. (4) Liquefied hydrocarbon spheres should be equipped with local and remote level gauges. Local level gauges can be magnetic flap level gauges, steel belt level gauges, radar or servo level gauge indicators installed beside the tank; glass tube (plate) level gauges should not be used. When the local level gauge is a radar or a servo tank-side indicator, the spherical tank shall also be equipped with a different type of remote level measuring instrument. Magnetic flap level gauges used in cold and extremely cold areas should be equipped with heating or insulation measures. 7.3.5 Flammable and toxic gas alarms – Flammable gas or toxic gas detection alarms should be installed at the locations where valves are concentrated, as well as in drainage wells, within storage areas for Class A,B materials and toxic liquids. The installation of alarms shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 50493, SY 6503, and AQ 3036. In addition to meeting the requirements of these standards, the installation of alarms shall also comply with the following rules: (1) Flammable (toxic) gas monitoring alarms shall be installed within the fire dikes of storage tanks for Class A and Class BA liquids that may produce flammable gases, as well as those that generate toxic gases or vapors capable of causing death or permanent health damage. The horizontal distance between a flammable (toxic) gas monitoring and alarm device and any source of emission within its coverage area should not exceed 10 m for flammable gases or 4 m for toxic gases. (2) The installation height of gas and toxic gas concentration alarms should be determined based on factors such as the specific gravity of the detected gas and the surrounding conditions. When detecting flammable or toxic gases that are heavier than air, the installation height of the flammable (toxic) gas monitoring alarm should be between 0.3 and 0.6 meters above the floor ； When detecting flammable or toxic gases that are lighter than air, the installation height of the flammable (toxic) gas monitoring alarm should be within 2.0 m above the source of emission. When detecting flammable or toxic gases that are slightly heavier than air, the installation height of the flammable (toxic) gas monitoring alarm should be between 0.5 m and 1.0 m below the source of emission ； When detecting flammable or toxic gases that are slightly lighter than air, the installation height of the flammable (toxic) gas monitoring alarm should be 0.5 m to 1.0 m above the source of emission. 7.3.6 Fire alarm system: A fire alarm system shall be installed in the tank area. The installation of such a system shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50116, and the following requirements shall be met: (1) Outdoor manual alarm devices shall be installed around the fire fighting roads, with an interval between them not exceeding 100 m. (2) A fire alarm telephone should be installed in the duty room of the tank farm. (3) External floating roof storage tanks with a capacity of 50,000 m³ or more shall be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system, and the detection areas for fire detectors shall be defined in accordance with the requirements for interlocking control of the fire extinguishing system. 7.3.7 Video Surveillance A video surveillance and alarm system shall be installed in the tank area, and the setup of such a system shall comply with the following requirements: (1) The installation height of the cameras shall ensure effective monitoring of the top of the storage tanks. (2) The video surveillance alarm system should be capable of being integrated with alarms for monitoring dangerous parameters. (3) Where explosion protection is required, explosion-proof cameras should be used or explosion-proof measures should be taken. (4) The video surveillance system should be monitored around the clock by someone. 7.4 Lightning Protection, Anti-static Measures, and Electrical Safety 7.4.1 Lightning Protection The lightning protection measures for tank areas shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50074, GB 70737, GB 50057, GB 50160, GB 50650, GB 15599, and GB 50183. In addition to complying with the above specifications, the lightning protection measures for tank areas shall also meet the following requirements: (1) There shall be no fewer than 2 lightning protection grounding conductors, which shall be arranged evenly around the perimeter of the tanks; the distance between these conductors shall not exceed 18 m, and the grounding resistance value of these conductors shall not be greater than 10 Ω. (2) For floating roof tanks and internal floating roof tanks, electrical connections should be provided between the floating roof and the tank body along the circumference of the tank wall in a uniform manner. There should be no fewer than 4 wires connecting the external floating roof to the tank body, while for other storage tanks, there should be no fewer than 2 such wires. The cross-sectional area of these electrical connection wires should be at least 50 mm2 for floating roof tanks, and at least 25 mm2 for internal floating roof tanks. (3) The rotating escalator of the floating roof tank shall be electrically connected to the tank body and the floating roof at two points each. (4) The electrical wiring and instrumentation wiring for the electrical systems, automatic fire alarm systems, and instrument monitoring systems on the storage tank shall be protected by metal pipes; the upper and lower ends of these metal wiring pipes shall be electrically connected to the tank body. 7.4.2 Antistatic measures: The antistatic grounding protection measures for the tank area shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 12158, GB 50074, GB 50160, GB 50183, and SH/T 3097. In addition to complying with the above specifications, anti-static measures shall also meet the following requirements: (1) The grounding electrodes for safety grounding should be installed in areas that are not explosive hazard zones; there should be two or more connection points between the grounding main lines and the grounding electrodes, and the safety grounding resistance should be less than 4Ω. (2) The pipelines of the storage tank shall be provided with static grounding measures at the points where they connect to or leave the production facility, as well as at the boundaries of areas prone to explosions. (3) The sealing strip between the floating roof and the tank body should be made of antistatic material. The secondary sealing rubber scraper should adopt an L-shaped or T-shaped structure; when an I-shaped structure is used, each conductive plate must be electrically connected to the floating roof. (4) Areas prone to static electricity generation on storage tanks, such as automatic vent valves, gauging ports, sampling ports, etc., shall be electrically connected to the tank body or floating roof. (5) All metal components of the storage tank shall be connected to each other at the same potential. The movable cover plates with openings on the floating roof shall be connected to the floating roof at the same potential, and shall also be connected to the external grounding elements of the tank through the tank wall. (6) Devices to eliminate static electricity from the human body should be installed in the areas related to the storage tank: —— at the fire dike of the storage tank and at the entrance to the ladder leading up to the tank ； ——A set of equipment for eliminating static electricity from the human body should be installed 1.5 meters away on each side of the sampling port of the storage tank. Tools such as sampling ropes and measuring rods should be connected to a facility, which in turn should be equipotentially connected to the tank and grounded. (7) The cross-sectional area of the equipotential bonding wire shall not be less than 10 mm2. (8) If an antistatic anti-corrosion coating is used on the inner wall of the storage tank, its electrical conductivity should be higher than that of the liquid stored therein, and the surface resistivity of the coating should be between 108Ω and 1011Ω. When an insulating anti-corrosion coating is used in the storage tank, the surface resistivity of the coating should be no less than 1013 Ω. 7.4.3 Electrical safety Electrical installations within the tank farm shall use explosion-proof electrical equipment. The selection, installation, and layout of electrical wiring shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 50058. In addition to meeting the above specifications, the following requirements must also be fulfilled: (1) The storage tank control system shall have dual power supply or an uninterruptible power supply. (2) Non-explosion-proof electrical equipment shall not be used within the fire dike. (3) The instrument cables laid within the tank area should preferably be installed underground using methods such as direct burial, cable protection pipes, or cable trenches. When a cable trench is used, it should be filled tightly with sand. Cables that must be laid on the ground in certain areas should be provided with fire protection. (4) The distribution cables within the fire dike should be laid either by direct burial or in cable trenches filled with sand; cables that must be laid on the surface in certain areas should be flame-retardant cables. The cables of the actuator for the threaded valve inside the fire dike should be provided with fire protection. (5) Metal jumpers shall be provided at the flange joints of the connecting pipes (except for insulated flanges). When the flange is connected using five or more bolts, it is not necessary to use a metal wire for bridging, but an electrical path must still be established. (6) The ends of the armored cables in the tank farm should be grounded. (7) The working ground, protective ground, and information system ground of electrical equipment should share the same grounding grid, and the measured grounding resistance should not exceed 4Ω. (8) The enclosures of all explosion-proof electrical and instrumentation equipment within the tank area shall be equipotentially connected. (9) Buried power lines that are not related to the tank farm shall not pass through fire dikes. 7.5 Fire extinguishing equipment: The installation of fire protection equipment in tank areas shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50151, GB 50737, GB 50074, GB 50160, and GB 50183. In addition to meeting the above specifications, the following requirements must also be fulfilled: (1) The main fire pump should be an electric pump, while the backup pump should be a diesel pump; it should be designed to provide 100% backup capacity. The fuel reserve of the diesel engine should be sufficient to enable the unit to operate continuously for 6 hours ； The installation, layout, ventilation, heat dissipation, and other conditions of the diesel engine must meet the requirements of the diesel engine set. (2) The water volume of the water source for the foam fire extinguishing system shall meet the requirements of the system’s maximum designed flow rate and supply time. (3) The design of fixed foam fire extinguishing systems shall ensure that, after the foam fire pump or foam concentrate pump is started, the foam concentrate or foam is delivered to the protected area within no more than 5 minutes. (4) Foam liquid, foam fire pumps, foam mixture pumps, foam liquid pumps, foam proportioning mixers (devices), pressure vessels, foam generation devices, fire detection and start-up control devices, control valves, and pipelines shall be products that have passed inspection by **product quality supervision and inspection agencies, and shall meet the requirements of the system design. (5) For water-soluble Class A, B, and C liquids and other Class A, B, and C liquids that degrade conventional foam, as well as systems designed to protect both water-soluble and water-insoluble Class A, B, and C liquids simultaneously, solvent-resistant foam should be used. When seawater is used as the water source for fire suppression systems, foam agents suitable for seawater should be selected. The foam extinguishing agents that are no longer in use should be retrieved by the supplier themselves. (6) For storage tanks and plant areas used in the production and storage of low-boiling-point flammable liquids such as propylene oxide and n-pentane, foam extinguishing agents specifically designed for low-boiling-point flammable liquids should be used. 7.6 Safety Signs and Warning Plaques Safety signs and warning plaques should be installed within the tank area. The warning plaques shall be placed in visible locations within the tank area, indicating the procedures to follow in emergency situations. The installation of safety signs and warning boards shall also comply with the relevant provisions of GB 2894 and AQ 3047. 8 Operation 8.1 Routine inspections 8.1.1 General requirements (1) Routine inspections include visual checks of the storage tank body and its accessories, as well as inspections of the fire dike, the pipelines within the fire dike, and the water seal wells. The inspection items shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of SY/T 5921 and SY 6306. (2) The safety facilities and safety monitoring systems of storage tanks should be regularly inspected, maintained, and calibrated; records should be kept, and signed off by the relevant personnel to ensure their proper operation. (3) Before entering the tank area, operators should wear anti-static work clothes and protective shoes; the use of non-explosion-proof lighting, electrical equipment, tools, and electronic devices is prohibited. Before entering the tank area, static electricity on the body should be discharged. 8.1.2 Inspection Frequency: The project owner may determine the frequency of routine inspections for the tank farm based on the actual production conditions and management requirements of the organization. The frequency of inspection for important safety facilities should meet at least the following requirements: (1) The breathing valves, safety valves, flame arresters, and emergency shut-off actuators should be inspected once a month; in winter, inspections should be carried out weekly to ensure they remain functional and operational. (2) The combustible gas detection alarm should be checked once a month to ensure that it is sensitive enough for detection and operates properly. (3) The power supply and distribution system, fire alarm system, foam fire extinguishing system, cooling water spray system, as well as the electrically driven components of electric valves and fire pumps, should be inspected once a month. (4) During the thunderstorm season, the concentration of combustible gases inside and outside the secondary seal of each external floating roof tank, as well as on the top of the internal floating roof and outside the vent holes on the tank wall, is measured twice a month. For storage tanks where the detectable concentration of flammable gases exceeds 25% of the lower explosive limit, the cause should be identified promptly, and corrective actions should be taken immediately if conditions permit ； For those that cannot be rectified immediately, enhanced fire monitoring should be implemented during thunderstorm days. (5) The tank fire alarm system and the manual alarm devices in the tank farm should be tested once per quarter to ensure they are sensitive and functional. (6) A water discharge test should be conducted on the fire sprinkler system and fire monitors once per quarter to ensure that the pipelines and sprinkler system are unobstructed. (7) The fixed and semi-fixed foam fire extinguishing systems and the slag discharge openings of the cooling water spray risers should be inspected and cleaned once a year. (8) An foam injection test should be conducted annually on the foam proportioning units in fire stations and foam stations to ensure that the foam mixing system is functioning properly. (9) Testing should be conducted when more than half of the shelf life of the foam extinguishing agent in use has passed, and subsequent sampling tests should be carried out annually. (10) The high and low liquid level alarms of the storage tank should be tested once a year, and the liquid level gauges of the tank should be compared and calibrated on a quarterly basis to ensure their sensitivity and accuracy. 8.1.3 Requirements for inspection on the tank: Inspections on the tank shall comply with the following provisions: (1) The number of people on the tank at any one time shall not exceed 5, and they must not gather in one place. (2) One should not climb onto the tank in case of thunderstorms or winds of force 6 or above. (3) In snowy weather, the snow accumulated on the escalator should be cleared before ascending to the tank. (4) Explosion-proof lighting fixtures should be used in the tank. (5) Do not enter the tank wearing shoes with nails or non-static-resistant clothing. (6) When the floating roof tank’s floating deck rises, no one shall be on the deck. (7) No more than 3 people may walk on the moving escalator at the same time. 8.2 Process Operation 8.2.1 General Requirements The operation of storage tanks shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of SY/T 5921 and SY 6306. In addition to meeting the above standard requirements, the following provisions must also be complied with: (1) The storage tanks and their accessories, as well as the process pipelines, must be in good condition; the equipment must be in a state suitable for operation, and it is strictly prohibited to operate them when they are not in good condition or are malfunctioning. (2) The temperature, pressure, liquid level monitoring systems, as well as the alarm systems for flammable and toxic gases within the tank area must be in proper working condition; it is strictly prohibited to shut them down arbitrarily. (3) The high and low level alarms as well as the automatic interlock functions for storage tanks must be in good working condition; the level alarm and interlock system shall not be disabled without approval. (4) It is strictly prohibited to add, in violation of regulations, strong oxidizing agents, substances prone to polymerization, highly corrosive materials, or any other substances that may cause violent chemical reactions inside the storage tanks or the pipelines connected to them. (5) It is strictly prohibited to operate the storage tank at excessive temperatures, pressures, or liquid levels, as well as to change the storage medium arbitrarily. 8.2.2 Operating requirements (1) The rainwater valves located outside the fire dike should be in a normally closed state. (2) During tank water cutting, tank transfer, and loading/unloading operations, personnel should be assigned to monitor the site. If a drain valve is not used for an extended period of time, it should be locked using a lock or other means. (3) The wastewater discharged from the storage tank should be sent through pipes to the oily wastewater treatment system; it is strictly prohibited to discharge it into open ditches. (4) During the operation of an external floating roof tank, the valve of the central drain pipe should remain in the open position. (5) For storage tanks that require heating, heating can be applied to them only when the liquid level in the tank is more than 50 cm above the heating coil. 8.2.3 Requirements for oil receiving and sending operations (1) The on-site condition of the storage tank should be inspected before oil is introduced into it, during the process of introduction, and after the oil has been added. (2) When loading or unloading oil into the storage tank, the initial flow rate of the oil should be controlled before the inlet pipe is submerged, and the flow rate should be restored once the inlet pipe is submerged. (3) Large-scale oil collection operations should not be carried out during thunderstorm weather. (4) It is strictly prohibited for the floating disks of internal and external floating roof storage tanks to touch the bottom during operation; the lowest liquid level should be at least 0.5 m above the supporting height of the floating disks. 8.3 Inspection Cycle for Safety Equipment and Facilities: The project owner shall commission a unit with the appropriate qualifications to inspect the storage tanks and related safety facilities. The inspection cycle for such safety equipment and facilities shall comply with the following provisions: (1) The project owner shall conduct annual inspections of the opening pressure of breathing valves and safety valves, as well as the leakage rate of breathing valves, and provide an inspection report accordingly. (2) The performance testing of flame arresters shall meet the testing requirements specified in the current international standard ISO 16852 ； The supplier shall provide a pressure drop-flow chart certified by a third party. (3) The fire protection system should be inspected once a year. (4) The combustible gas detectors and alarms should be tested once a year. (5) The lightning and static electricity protection grounding facilities of the storage tanks should be inspected once every six months. (6) Explosion-proof safety inspections of electrical equipment and facilities should be conducted every three years. 9 Tank Inspection and Maintenance 9.1 General Requirements (1) A risk assessment of the entire process should be conducted prior to the work, and a work plan, safety measures, and emergency response plans should be established. (2) Before carrying out the work, it is necessary to verify the qualifications of the undertaking unit and the operational skills of the workers, as well as the qualifications of those performing special types of work. (3) Necessary, safe, and reliable machinery, tools, and equipment shall be provided for the work, and they must be in good condition. (4) Mobile vehicles related to inspection, maintenance, and repair must be equipped with flame arresters on their exhaust pipes when entering the tank farm. (5) Safety signs and hazard warning boards should be installed at the work site, along with safety equipment such as fire-fighting and gas protection devices. (6) A fire work permit must be obtained for any work involving the use of fire. For tasks that involve entering confined spaces, using temporary electricity, working at heights, etc., corresponding work permits must be obtained. (7) The maintenance of storage tanks shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of SY/T 5921. 9.2 Personal protection: Workers shall strictly wear personal protective equipment that meets the safety requirements of the workplace and the characteristics of the work, in accordance with the provisions of GB 11651. 9.3 Safety Supervision (1) During the operation, a safety supervisor should be appointed in accordance with the requirements of the operation plan, and this supervisor shall oversee the entire process of the operation on site. (2) The safety supervisor shall have received relevant operational safety training, possess the qualifications required for this position, and be familiar with the safety supervision requirements. (3) Safety supervisors should inform the workers of the potential hazards and explain the safety measures and precautions to be taken. (4) Before starting the work, the safety supervisor shall inspect on-site each item to verify the availability of emergency rescue equipment, safety protection equipment and tools, as well as the implementation of safety measures. (5) Safety supervisors should wear safety supervisor badges. (6) When the safety supervisor notices that the work being supervised does not conform to the work order or that the safety measures have not been implemented, he/she must immediately stop the work. In case of any abnormalities during the work, he/she must promptly request that the relevant work be halted and report the situation immediately. (7) If the workers find that the safety supervisor is not present, they must immediately stop working. (8) Local safety supervision authorities or industry regulatory authorities can carry out third-party professional supervision over special operations such as hot work. 9.4 Cleaning and Steaming of Vessels 9.4.1 General Requirements (1) A work order must be obtained for vessel cleaning operations, and the work may only proceed after approval. (2) The safety management during tank cleaning shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of SY/T 5225; mechanical tank cleaning shall meet the relevant requirements of SY/T 6696, while manual tank cleaning shall comply with the relevant provisions of SY/T 6820. 9.4.2 Cleaning Operations: Storage tanks must comply with the following regulations during cleaning operations: (1) Welding and other flammable operations are strictly prohibited within 30 meters of the operation area prior to cleaning. (2) The integrity of the lightning protection grounding system should be checked before cleaning. (3) Before cleaning, all valves in the pipelines connected to the storage tank should be isolated using blind flanges; it is strictly prohibited to use valves as a substitute for blind flanges for isolation purposes. (4) During operations inside the tank, forced ventilation must be provided, and gas samples from within the tank should be taken for analysis at regular intervals; the personnel on duty should be replaced every 30 minutes. (5) When personnel are working inside the tank, there should be at least 2 supervisors outside the tank. (6) Lighting equipment used during work inside tanks should operate at a safe voltage. (7) The equipment, tools, and instruments used for tank cleaning operations shall meet the corresponding requirements regarding fire prevention, explosion prevention, and static electricity prevention. 9.4.3 Steaming operations: Storage tanks shall comply with the following requirements during steaming operations: (1) The power supply to the attachments of the storage tank shall be cut off before steaming, and electrical and instrumentation equipment attached to the tank shall be removed. (2) Before starting the steaming tank, ensure that the valve in front of the tank is closed and locked with a tag. (3) During the operation of the steaming tank, the duty personnel should conduct inspections at least once per hour. (4) During the steaming process, it is strictly prohibited for anyone to enter the tank to carry out operations in case of thunderstorms, heavy rain, or winds of force 6 or higher (wind speed greater than 10.8 m/s). (5) If it starts to rain during the steaming process, steam should continue to be supplied to the tank, and the manhole at the bottom of the tank should be opened immediately. Once the pressure inside and outside the tank is equalized, the steam supply can be gradually reduced until the steaming process is stopped. 9.5 Inspection and Evaluation The inspection and evaluation of storage tanks shall comply with the following provisions: (1) The inspection of storage tanks shall be carried out by units and technical personnel possessing the appropriate inspection qualifications. (2) The inspection unit shall be responsible for preparing the inspection plan in accordance with the standards for tank inspection and repair as well as the requirements of the design documents. The inspection plan may be implemented only after being reviewed and approved by the construction unit. (3) The testing unit is responsible for the accuracy and reliability of the test results obtained for the storage tanks. (4) Upon completion of the inspection, the testing unit shall submit a complete and detailed tank inspection report. The report should describe the actual condition of the tank, with major defects illustrated using text, diagrams, and photographs. (5) The testing unit shall, based on the test results and standards such as GB 50128, SY/T 5921, SY/T 6620, and JB/T 4730, evaluate the tank foundation, tank body corrosion, geometric deformation of the tank body, accessories, welds, as well as the anti-corrosion and insulation layers. 9.6 Requirements to Stop Work: During the repair of storage tanks, work must be stopped immediately in the following situations: ——The work being carried out does not match the work order ； ——Safety measures are not implemented ； The safety facilities, as well as the monitoring, detection, and control systems, are not in good condition ； ——The safety supervisor is not on site ； ——Severe weather such as thunderstorms and winds of force 6 or above ； ——Other emergency situations or those that affect operational safety. 9.7 Calibration of storage tanks The calibration of storage tanks shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 18273 and GB/T 9110. 9.8 Integrity Management 9.8.1 General Requirements (1) The project owner shall establish and implement a storage tank integrity management system, and continuously improve it. Comprehensive tank integrity management includes data collection and integration, risk assessment, integrity evaluation, repair and maintenance, as well as performance evaluation. (2) Integrity management should cover the entire life cycle of the storage tank. 9.8.2 Data Collection and Integration (1) Data is the foundation of tank integrity management; the project owner should develop a detailed plan to collect and manage all the data required for tank integrity management. (2) The data sources include data generated during design, construction, acceptance, operation, inspection, maintenance, and other processes, as well as statistical data on abnormal operating conditions and accidents that occur during the operation of storage tanks. In addition, it also includes surveying records, environmental data, financial data, failure analysis, suitability assessment, emergency plans, etc. (3) The project owner shall determine the scope of data collection required for integrity management. The data collected should include factors that could pose a threat to the storage tank and affect its operational integrity. (4) The construction unit shall regularly verify the submitted data to confirm whether there are any changes in the tank data. In the event of any changes, the project owner should update the data promptly. 9.8.3 Risk assessment (1) The selection and application of risk assessment techniques shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/27921. (2) The acceptable level of risk is determined by the project owner based on its own circumstances. When the quantitatively calculated risk reaches or approaches this acceptable level, targeted measures should be taken to reduce it. For storage tanks where failure consequences are a major concern, other risk control measures should be considered. (3) When risk assessment determines that the risk is unacceptable, it is necessary to propose risk control measures and analyze their effectiveness. (4) The time interval for risk assessment should be determined in accordance with the requirements of tank integrity management. If the medium in the storage tank or the operating procedures change, resulting in alterations to the damage mechanisms and damage rates, a risk analysis should be conducted again for a re-evaluation of the risks. 9.8.4 Integrity assessment (1) Storage tanks shall undergo formal regular integrity assessments. (2) The integrity assessment of storage tanks includes the inspection and evaluation of the tank body, tank foundation, sealing system, cathodic protection, anti-corrosion coatings, vent valves, instrumentation system, lightning and static electricity protection facilities, as well as safety accessories. (3) The inspection method should be selected based on factors such as the damage mechanism of the storage tank, the location of the damage, and the effectiveness of the inspection. (4) The integrity assessment of storage tanks should be carried out by experienced and certified personnel. 9.8.5 Repair and Maintenance (1) Repair and maintenance measures are used to reduce the likelihood of failure and/or mitigate the consequences of failure. (2) Maintenance and repair measures can include changes to the structural design (such as wall thickness), changes in operation procedures (such as liquid level control), on-line monitoring, as well as maintenance and repair plans. (3) Repair and maintenance should be carried out in aspects such as daily management, defect repair, corrosion control, and leak detection. 9.8.6 Performance Evaluation (1) Relevant procedures should be established to evaluate and monitor the compliance of integrity management practices, the effectiveness of projects, and the rationality of their implementation, and systematic audits, compliance reviews, and performance evaluations should be conducted on a regular basis. (2) The audit cycle should be determined based on the actual management situation, to ensure that the company can promptly identify any deficiencies in its management. (3) The tank construction unit shall document the non-conformities identified during the audit, and track the corrective actions until they are all completed. (4) After the performance evaluation is completed, a report on the evaluation should be prepared, which should include the results of the evaluation as well as suggestions or requirements for improving performance. 10 Shutdown, Disposal, and Dismantling 10.1 Conditions for Shutdown Storage tanks should be taken out of service if they meet one of the following conditions: ——After a comprehensive assessment, they fail to meet the requirements of GB 50341, GB 50128, and SY/T 5921, and the defects cannot be repaired or repairing them is not worthwhile ； ——Significant changes in process conditions ； ——The safety distance does not meet the requirements of the design specifications at the time of construction. 10.2 Requirements for decommissioning: The department using the storage tank shall submit an application for its decommissioning, scrapping, or removal. The procedures for scrapping shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations set by the construction entity, and the matter shall be reported to the registration authority for record-keeping. The following requirements must be met: (1) Before the storage tank is taken out of service, scrapped, or removed, strict controls must be implemented over the management of highly toxic chemicals and explosives-prone chemicals. Plans for the cleanup and safe disposal of discarded hazardous chemicals and residual pollutants must also be developed to prevent loss or theft. (2) For tanks that are out of use, the construction party shall employ blind plate isolation to empty, clean, and replace the contents within them, or take other protective measures such as nitrogen blanketing in order to ensure intrinsical safety. Additionally, appropriate markings indicating that the tanks are out of use must be applied, and maintenance work must be carried out. (3) Storage tanks that have undergone scrapping procedures shall not be used any further, nor shall they be transferred or sold to other entities for use. 10.3 Disposal and Dismantling The disposal and dismantling of storage tanks can be carried out in two different ways: by removing the entire tank from the tank farm and then dismantling it, or by disassembling it on site. The scrapping and demolition of storage tanks shall comply with the following provisions: (1) A risk assessment shall be conducted prior to the demolition of the storage tank, to evaluate the risks posed by the demolition method to adjacent equipment and systems, and an emergency response plan shall be formulated. (2) The demolition of storage tanks should involve the development of detailed safety measures for working with fire and a specific demolition plan, based on the conditions on site; these plans must be approved by departments such as production, technology, safety, and fire protection. (3) For the removed storage tanks, the debris must be treated in an environmentally friendly manner in accordance with relevant regulations before it can be removed from the site, to prevent environmental pollution. (4) After the removal of the storage tank, enhanced control and remediation measures should be implemented to manage the pollution risks associated with the vacated land, to ensure that its soil quality meets the standards specified for planned land use. 11 Safety Management 11.1 General Requirements (1) The project owner shall establish a safety production management organization and assign full-time safety production managers; the number of such managers shall be sufficient to meet the needs of safety production. (2) The construction unit shall establish a comprehensive safety production responsibility system to ensure that each employee’s safety production responsibilities are in line with their position and job skills. (3) The construction unit shall ensure the investment in safety funds necessary for the safe production of the tank farm. 11.2 Management Systems and Documents (1) The project owner shall, based on its own actual circumstances, establish and improve safety production rules and regulations that include, but are not limited to, the following key ones: —— Safety production meeting systems such as regular safety production meetings ； ——Safety Investment Guarantee System ； ——Safety Production Incentive and Punishment System ； ——Safety training and education system ； ——System of rotating leading cadres to be on site in charge ； ——Management System for Special Operations Personnel ； ——Safety inspection and hazard identification and remediation system ； ——Evaluation of major hazard sources and safety management systems ； ——Change management system ； ——Emergency management system ； ——Management system for production safety accidents or major incidents ； ——Fire, explosion, poisoning, and leakage prevention management system ； ——Safety management systems for processes, equipment, electrical instruments, and utility systems ； ——Safety management systems for operations such as hot work, entry into confined spaces, lifting, work at heights, plugging and removing blind flanges, temporary power use, earthwork, circuit disconnection, and equipment inspection and maintenance ； ——Safety Management System for Hazardous Chemicals ； ——Management systems related to occupational health ； ——Management System for the Use and Maintenance of Personal Protective Equipment ； ——Contractor Management System ； ——System for the regular revision of safety management policies and operating procedures. (2) The construction unit shall establish and improve its enterprise safety management system, which shall include but is not limited to: ——Job safety responsibilities ； ——Safety Operating Procedures ； ——Round-robin inspection system ； ——Inspection and Maintenance Procedures ； ——Work Instruction ； ——Safety checklist ； ——Emergency response plan ； ——Operation record ； ——Shift handover record ； ——Records of safety facility inspections and verifications, etc. (3) The construction unit shall designate the responsible person and department for the storage tanks, and shall establish comprehensive management records for these tanks. Such records shall include, but are not limited to: technical documentation for each tank, in accordance with the requirement of having one set of records per tank ； ——Develop safety operation procedures and safety inspection checklists for storage tanks ； ——Establish records for safety facilities such as storage tank safety valves, vent valves, flame arresters, level gauges, pressure gauges, thermometers, fire alarm systems, and lightning and static electricity protection devices, as well as inspection and calibration reports ； ——Establish volume charts for storage tanks, daily operation reports, and inspection records for various positions ； ——For storage tanks equipped with external current cathodic protection systems, it is necessary to keep records of operational data such as the location of current collection points, output current, output voltage, and protection potential ； ——Lifecycle management system for the design, installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of the safety instrumented interlock system in storage tanks ； ——Storage tank operating procedures and process control parameters; such procedures and parameters must meet safety requirements ； ——Storage tank change management documents ； ——Storage tank inspection and maintenance documents. 11.3 Personnel Qualifications and Training 11.3.1 Principal Persons in Charge of the Construction Unit (1) The principal persons in charge of the construction unit and those responsible for safety matters shall possess safety knowledge and management skills appropriate to their role in production and business operations; they must attend safety qualification training, pass the assessments, and obtain a certificate of completion of such training. (2) The principal person in charge of the construction unit must pass the examinations on the Key Points for Assessing the Knowledge of Work Safety Management for Principal Persons in Charge of Chemical (Hazardous Chemicals) Enterprises, and those on the Key Points for Assessing the Knowledge of Work Safety Management for Work Safety Managers in Chemical (Hazardous Chemicals) Enterprises. (3) After the main person in charge of the construction unit completes the safety training and obtains the relevant certification, they must meet the required standards upon reevaluation. 11.3.2 Full-time safety management personnel of the construction unit (1) Full-time safety management personnel shall possess safety knowledge and management capabilities appropriate to their role in production and business operations; they must attend safety qualification training, pass the assessments, and obtain a certificate of completion of such training. (2) Full-time safety production managers must pass the examinations on the Key Points for Assessing the Safety Production Management Knowledge of Principal Persons in Charge of Chemical (Hazardous Chemicals) Enterprises, as well as those on the Key Points for Assessing the Safety Production Management Knowledge of Safety Production Managers in Chemical (Hazardous Chemicals) Enterprises. (3) Full-time safety production management personnel shall provide safety education and training to employees. 11.3.3 Employees (1) Employees should be well aware of the safety risks associated with the hazardous chemicals involved in their roles, as well as the emergency response measures. (2) Employees must work with certificates after receiving safety training. (3) New employees and those changing positions must receive safety training and can only take up their duties after passing the examination. (4) When the storage medium changes, the project owner shall provide targeted training for the relevant personnel. (5) When new processes, technologies, materials are adopted or new equipment is used, the project owner shall provide specialized safety training for the relevant personnel. 11.3.4 Maintenance personnel and special operation workers (1) Special operation workers shall, in accordance with the \"Regulations on the Management of Safety Technology Training and Assessment for Special Operation Workers\", receive specialized safety technology training, pass the assessment, and obtain a special operation certificate. (2) Before carrying out inspection and maintenance tasks, targeted training should be provided to the personnel involved, based on the results of the risk assessment and the control measures that need to be implemented. 11.3.5 External Personnel: Before external workers enter the work site, the project owner shall organize safety training for them prior to their arrival. 11.4 Safety Status Assessment (1) The construction unit shall entrust an institution that meets the **specified qualification requirements to conduct a safety assessment of its own safety production conditions every three years, and submit a safety assessment report. The construction unit shall address the existing safety production issues in accordance with the recommendations outlined in the safety assessment report, and the actual situation after these corrections shall be consistent with the results of the safety assessment. (2) The construction unit shall identify major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals in the tank farm, conduct safety assessments, and classify them. In any of the following circumstances, the project owner shall conduct re-identification, safety assessment, and classification: —— the safety assessment has been completed three years ago ； ——For the new construction, renovation, or expansion of tank areas ； ——Changes in storage media, quantity, production, usage processes or storage methods, as well as important equipment and facilities, that affect the level of the major hazard source or its risk level ； ——Changes in external production safety environmental factors affect the level of major hazard sources and the degree of risk ； ——An accident that results in deaths, or injuries to 10 or more people, or affects public safety ； ——Changes have occurred in the **standards and industry standards regarding the identification of major hazard sources and safety assessment.** 11.5 Safety Production Standardization: The project owner shall carry out safety production standardization in accordance with the relevant provisions of AQ/T 9006 and AQ 3013. Once the project owner obtains the safety production standardization certification, if a fatal accident or a major explosion or leakage incident occurs, the project owner’s certified status will be revoked. 11.6 Change Management 11.6.1 Changes to be Made Procedures for change management must be followed when there are changes in the models of equipment and facilities within the tank area, changes in the storage media, changes in the process flow, or changes in operating procedures, operating parameters, and alarm interlock values. 11.6.2 Change Process (1) A risk assessment should be conducted prior to change approval; this assessment is carried out by a specialized team, which then issues a conclusion regarding the risk assessment of the change. Approval shall not be granted without an assessment. (2) After the implementation of the change, the approving department shall organize an evaluation of the impact of the change, and document the evaluation process and conclusions. (3) The documents and materials related to the change should be updated promptly and communicated to the relevant personnel. (4) The construction entity shall truthfully inform the parties concerned of the potential occupational disease hazards, consequences, and occupational health protection measures that may arise as a result of the changes, and must not conceal any information. 11.7 Contractor Management 11.7.1 Review of Contractors’ Safety Qualifications (1) The project owner shall examine and verify the contractors’ safety qualifications, professional qualifications, and record of safe production. (2) The project owner shall manage the contractor’s subcontractors as if they were the contractor itself. (3) A blacklist system for contractors should be established, prohibiting the use of contractors on the blacklist. 11.7.2 Contractor Safety Training: The project owner shall provide safety training and education to all contractors entering the site, and issue entry permits only after they pass the examinations. 11.7.3 Contractor Safety Supervision (1) The general contractor is prohibited from subcontracting the main construction work, subcontracting is prohibited for the sub-projects, and illegal sub-contracting is prohibited. (2) The project owner shall conduct on-site supervision of the contractor’s work processes as well as process video monitoring. (3) The construction entity shall arrange for qualified professionals to conduct pre-entry inspections of the contractor’s tools and equipment; only after they pass these inspections can a label be attached and the items be allowed to enter. (4) The construction unit shall verify whether the special operation certificates of the contractor’s special operation personnel and special equipment operators are valid and in good order. 11.8 Emergency Response 11.8.1 Emergency Plans (1) The project owner shall develop enterprise-level emergency plans that are tailored to potential major incidents such as leaks, fires, and explosions in the tank area. Such emergency plans should be scientific, targeted, practical, and actionable. (2) Written emergency response plans (special emergency response plans or on-site handling plans) should be prepared for each important facility in the tank farm, detailing the measures to be taken in the event of an accident involving that facility. The content of these emergency response plans shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 29639. (3) Emergency response plans should be subject to regular evaluation to determine whether revisions are necessary. When there are changes in materials, equipment, and operating conditions, or when significant changes occur to key emergency resources, or when major issues that require revisions to the emergency plan are identified during emergency drills and accident response efforts, the emergency plan should be revised promptly and archived. The revision and archiving of emergency response plans shall comply with relevant **and local** requirements. (4) The project owner shall ensure that the emergency plan is effectively integrated with the relevant emergency plans of the local ** and its departments, as well as the emergency rescue teams. (5) The construction unit shall establish an emergency response organization and assign emergency rescue personnel, provide necessary personal protective equipment as well as emergency rescue facilities, equipment, and supplies, and ensure that they are in good condition and readily available for use. (6) Based on the preparation of emergency plans, the construction unit should, in light of the characteristics of the workplace and specific positions, actively develop and implement emergency response cards, specifying what, how, and who should do what in emergency situations. (7) The construction unit shall inform the units and individuals that may be affected, in an appropriate manner, of information such as the possible consequences of accidents in the tank area, the scope of their impact, and emergency prevention measures. (8) The emergency plan should take into account the consequences, severity of harm, and control measures for secondary and derivative incidents. For example, consider the possibility of fire-fighting wastewater overflowing its banks during firefighting and rescue operations, as well as the preventive and control measures. (9) The construction unit shall file the emergency plan in accordance with the relevant provisions of the \"Measures for the Management of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents\" and the local **management requirements. 11.8.2 Emergency Resources (1) The project owner shall establish an emergency response organization and compile basic information on the deployment of external rescue forces, including an organizational chart of the existing emergency rescue team within the unit, a map showing the distribution of emergency rescue forces within the joint defense area along with their contact details, as well as a map indicating the available social emergency rescue forces in the surrounding area. (2) For tank areas where inhalable toxic and harmful gases are present, the construction unit shall equip them with emergency equipment and devices such as portable detectors for toxic and harmful gas concentrations, air respirators, chemical protective suits, and leak sealing materials ； Storage areas involving highly toxic gases should also be equipped with two or more sets of airtight chemical protective suits ； Tank areas involving flammable and explosive gases or vapors of flammable liquids should also be equipped with a certain number of portable combustible gas detection devices. (3) Tank areas storing highly toxic substances should be equipped with specialized protective equipment. (4) The construction unit shall establish an emergency supplies list for itself and the external joint defense units, including emergency equipment, types of supplies, their names, quantities, as well as layout diagrams. (5) The project owner should also establish a database of information on manufacturers of key emergency supplies. 11.8.3 Emergency Preparedness (1) In the event of emergencies that may affect the safety of nearby enterprises and the public, early warning messages should be promptly sent to the local authorities, nearby enterprises, and the public. (2) When external assistance is required, the project owner shall promptly report the emergency to the local authorities and get in touch with the professional emergency rescue organizations that have signed emergency rescue cooperation agreements; the project owner will then coordinate and direct these organizations to carry out the emergency rescue efforts. 11.8.4 Emergency Drills (1) The project owner shall formulate a plan for conducting drills on accident emergency response plans; special emergency response plans should be drilled at least once a year, while on-site handling plans should be drilled at least once every six months. (2) Emergency drills are mainly conducted without prior notice; during the drills, only the drill topics and scenarios are specified, and it is not appropriate to prepare a drill script in advance. (3) After the emergency plan drill is completed, the project owner shall evaluate the effectiveness of the drill, prepare an evaluation report on it, analyze any existing problems, propose modifications to the emergency plan, and make timely revisions to ensure a closed-loop management system. 11.9 Accident Management 11.9.1 Accident Reporting (1) After an accident occurs, the personnel present at the accident site should immediately report it to the person in charge of the construction unit. Upon receiving such a report, the person in charge must, within 1 hour, report the incident to the emergency management department at the county-level or higher government, as well as to the relevant departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety. In emergency situations, the personnel at the accident scene can directly report to the emergency management department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the accident occurred, as well as to the relevant departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety. (2) The report of an accident shall include the following information: ——General information about the entity where the accident occurred ； ——The time and location of the accident, as well as the conditions at the accident scene ； ——A brief account of the accident ； ——The number of casualties caused or likely to be caused by the accident, as well as the preliminary estimate of direct economic losses ； ——Measures already taken ； ——Other situations that require reporting. (3) Upon receiving the accident report, the person in charge of the construction unit shall immediately activate the appropriate emergency plan for such accidents, or take effective measures to organize rescue efforts, thereby preventing the accident from spreading and reducing casualties and property losses. (4) The project owner shall establish and improve an accident news release system and a media response mechanism, so as to promptly, proactively, accurately, and objectively disclose information related to the accident to the news media. 11.9.2 On-site protection: During the process of accident rescue, relevant units and personnel shall properly protect the accident scene and related evidence; no unit or individual shall damage the accident scene or destroy relevant evidence. When it is necessary to move objects at the accident scene for reasons such as rescuing people, preventing the accident from spreading, and clearing traffic, signs should be placed, a sketch of the scene should be drawn, and written records should be kept; important traces and physical evidence at the scene must be properly preserved. 11.9.3 Cooperation with investigations: (1) Construction entities and individuals shall actively cooperate with the accident investigation team in gathering information related to the accident, and provide relevant documents and materials as required. Personnel involved in the accident must not leave their posts without permission during the investigation period; they must also be readily available to be questioned by the investigation team and must provide truthful information regarding the incident. (2) The accident investigation team shall include at least a management group and a technical group. The management team focuses on investigating and analyzing the managerial factors behind the accident, while the technical team focuses on examining the deficiencies in technical standards, technical solutions, operating procedures, and other aspects. (3) The causes of an accident should be analyzed to identify the direct causes, management-related causes, and root causes, with a focus on the management-related causes and root causes. The accident investigation team is responsible for analyzing the causes of the accident and determining responsibilities. (4) The accident prevention measures outlined in the investigation report should be proposed after consultation between the accident investigation team and the project owner. 11.9.4 Implementation of corrective actions: (1) The project owner shall earnestly learn from the lessons of the accident, implement preventive and corrective measures to prevent such accidents from occurring again, and the implementation of these preventive and corrective measures shall be subject to the supervision of the trade union and employees. (2) The construction unit shall, based on the results of the accident investigation, analyze aspects such as design, technology, equipment and facilities, management systems, operating procedures, emergency plans, and personnel training, and propose measures to rectify the accident. _____________________ Explanation for the Preparation of the \"Safety Management Specifications for Oil Storage Areas\" (Draft for Comment) – Standard Preparation Team I. Work Overview (1) Origin of the task and collaborating units In accordance with the requirements outlined in the proposal submitted by Academician Cao Xianghong to the Political Consultative Conference, this standard was proposed by the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Chemical Safety Sub-Committee of the National Working Committee on Work Safety Standardization, with the Chemical Registration Center of the Ministry of Emergency Management being responsible for its drafting. (II) Main work process: After receiving the task, the standard drafting team reviewed a large amount of literature and conducted on-site investigations at storage facilities belonging to Sinopec, CNPC, CNOOC, etc., in order to understand the current safety situation of oil storage facilities in China. Mu Shanjun, the head of the main drafting group for standardization, was responsible for the organization and coordination of this standard, while Tao Bin, Zhang Yuping, Guan Xiaorui, Ma Kailiang, and others were in charge of preparing the draft text of this standard as well as coordinating with relevant organizations and departments. Liu Quanzhen, Jiang Chunming, Qu Fuenian, Han Jun, He Longhui, Cao Danfu, Lu Chenggang, Shuai Jian, and Chang Yi, who are members of the drafting team, were responsible for reviewing and revising the standard text, as well as for participating in the collection of relevant regulations and technical standards and in the discussions regarding the safety aspects of this standard. The initial draft of the standard was completed in October 2019. Following internal discussions and consultations with various parties, it was revised and improved, resulting in the completion of the draft for public comment in February 2020. It is planned to solicit extensive feedback from industry entities, research institutions, and other organizations through the website of the Ministry of Emergency Management and other channels in March 2020, in order to further revise and improve it. II. Principles for Formulation and Criteria for Determination – Rationale for the Main Technical Elements The specific contents of this standard are based on China’s laws, regulations, and standards related to work safety. The following principles are adhered to in its formulation: (1) The content of the regulations should be systematic and comprehensive. As safety regulations for tank areas, such content must be systematic and comprehensive, fully implementing the concept of a safety system. It should cover the safety requirements at all stages of a storage tank’s life cycle, from design to disposal, including aspects such as design, construction, operation, and maintenance. It should also set clear requirements regarding safety management and emergency management, while providing guidance on overall safety functions. (II) The regulations cover only issues related to the safety of tank areas. They set requirements for aspects such as the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of tanks, focusing on those matters and steps where lack of requirements or insufficiently stringent requirements could lead to safety problems or potential hazards. (III) During the standardization process, it is necessary to focus on the advancement of standards while building upon traditional technologies and experience. While taking into account the current standard systems and contents, and paying attention to learning from the experiences and lessons gained in the construction and use of storage tanks in China, it is also necessary to draw on international best practices and standards, as well as to adopt new technologies. Such as online monitoring and early warning of storage tanks, lightning early warning for tank farms, protection against lightning-induced fires in storage tanks, and key risk control indicators for tank farms. (IV) Establishing a safety management concept for tank farms based on dynamic risks: With societal progress and technological advancement, safety standards also need to be continuously improved. On the one hand, economic development provides a foundation for improving safety standards ； On the other hand, the progress and development of security technologies provide the possibility for improving security standards. Therefore, past safety does not mean current safety, and current safety does not mean future safety. Safety management based on dynamic risk is continuously achieved through the development of safety technologies, reflection on accidents, improvement of management practices, and the optimization and advancement of culture. This standard specifies the basic safety requirements for all aspects of the entire life cycle of oil storage tank areas, including site selection, design, construction, operation, inspection and maintenance, decommissioning, and safety management. The safety regulations for tank farms mainly consist of the following aspects: (1) Site selection for tank farms – Risk assessment is incorporated from the stage of site selection, taking into full account the surrounding environment of the tank farm as well as external safety distances. (II) Safety of tank farm construction projects: During the design phase, emphasis is placed on the qualifications of the design firms, their responsibilities, as well as those of the operating units. The reference design standards for different types of tank farms, the contents of the design documents, and safety evaluations are specified. During the construction and acceptance phases, it is necessary to clarify the qualifications of the construction party, the responsibilities of the construction party, the construction requirements, the duties of the user party, the responsibilities of the design party, and the contents of the acceptance. (III) Plan layout: Regarding the plan layout, relevant requirements are set forth for the fire separation distances between various buildings and structures within the tank area, the arrangement of tank groups, fire roads, fire dikes, as well as safety signs and warning labels. (IV) Safety of equipment and facilities: Provisions are made mainly regarding safety equipment for storage tanks, corrosion protection for storage tanks, safety monitoring equipment, lightning protection, anti-static and electrical safety, fire extinguishing equipment, and inspection intervals. (5) Operation: Specific requirements are set forth regarding the responsibilities of the units using the tank farm, personnel qualifications, safety management systems, documentation related to tank management, routine inspections during operation, and process operations. It is also necessary to commission relevant agencies to assess the current safety situation, carry out regular work on standardizing safety production, improve change management, and implement integrity management. (VI) Inspection and maintenance of storage tanks: When carrying out inspections and maintenance on storage tanks, it is necessary to comply with the relevant standards for on-site safety management, which establish specific requirements for such operations. (VII) Shutdown, Disposal, and Dismantling Clear provisions are established regarding the conditions for shutting down storage tanks, the requirements for such shutdowns, as well as the procedures for disposing of them and dismantling them. (8) Safety Management: Sets out requirements for emergency management and incident response in relation to potential accidents and risks in the tank farm area. III. Comparative Analysis with International and Foreign Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Standard Levels Currently, the foreign regulations related to tank farms can be divided into two categories: one category consists of systematic safety standards, which mainly include the \"Code for Flammable and Combustible Liquids\" (NFPA 30-2015), \"Steel Welded Oil Storage Tanks\" (API 650-2009), and \"Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Transfer Stations and Storage Tank Facilities\" (API 2610-2005), among others ； One category consists of specialized safety standards, including \"Inspection, Repair, Modification, and Reconstruction of Oil Tanks\" (API 653-2009), \"Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Oil Tanks\" (API 651-2014), \"Lining of Bottoms of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks\" (API 652-2014), and \"Recommended Practices for Lightning Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks for Flammable Liquids\" (API 545-2009), among others. Foreign systematic safety standards for tank farms focus on accident prevention and control, covering the entire life cycle of storage tanks. They specify the basic safety technical requirements as well as management requirements that must be followed throughout the tank’s design, construction, operation, inspection, maintenance, and disposal phases. For the detailed technical requirements related to professionalism, such as the design of the tank body, the design of the pressure relief system, and the specifications for the fire protection system, the relevant professional technical standards must be followed. Taking NFPA 30 as an example, this standard aims to prevent fires and explosions, and it specifies specific requirements for different types of storage tanks in terms of safe layout, design and installation of the tanks, safe pressure relief, leak control, protection against fires and explosions, electrical systems, and emergency response. In addition, specific safety management requirements for fire and explosion risks were put forward, including hazard analysis, ignition source control, detection and alarm systems, fire suppression systems, emergency plans and training, as well as inspection and maintenance. API 2610 specifies requirements for risk management of storage tanks, including hazard identification, operating procedures, emergency and control procedures, change management, training, pre-commissioning safety reviews, accident investigation, and contractor management. An analysis of systematic safety regulations for tank farms abroad shows that they generally include requirements in both safety technology and safety management. In line with the principles of risk management, with accident prevention and control as the clear focus, it emphasizes addressing the safety issues in tank areas through systematic risk identification and effective risk control. Furthermore, it is recommended to use quantitative risk calculation methods to quantify risks, in order to enable precise and targeted risk management. Systematic safety specifications represent the overall requirements for the safety of tank farms. Professional technical requirements are supported by specialized technical specifications. In China, the safety regulations for tank farms are mainly based on technical specifications, and a systematic safety standard for such facilities has not yet been established. Standards such as the \"Code for Design of Oil Reserve Depots\" (GB50737), the \"Code for Design of Oil Depots\" (GB 50074), the \"Code for Fire Protection Design of Oil and Gas Engineering Projects\" (GB 50183), and the \"Fire Protection Standards for Petrochemical Enterprises\" (GB 50160) set out corresponding requirements regarding the safe layout of tank areas, the selection and design of storage tanks, process equipment, electrical systems, fire protection systems, etc. However, these are merely the requirements that tank farms must meet in terms of safety technology. The occurrence of accidents in tank farms is a systematic issue; from the perspective of system safety, and by drawing on the concepts of foreign system safety standards, safety requirements covering the entire lifecycle of tank farms should be established from both the aspects of safety technology and safety management. IV. Relationship with Existing Relevant Laws, Regulations and Standards
This standard is related to the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, and the Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China. It is also interrelated with the following standards: GB 2894 Safety Signs and Guidelines for Their Use; GB 3836 Electrical Equipment for Use in Explosive Gas Environments; GB/T 9110 Methods for Measuring Oil Volume in Vertical Metal Tanks for Crude Oil; GB 11651 Specifications for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment; GB 12158 General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity Accidents; GB/T 13347 Flame Arresters for Petroleum and Gas Pipelines; GB 15599 Lightning Protection Standards for Petroleum and Petroleum Facilities; GB 17681 Technical Requirements for the Acceptance of Safety Monitoring and Early Warning Systems in Flammable and Explosive Tank Areas; GB/T 18273 Direct Static Measurement Method for Oil Volume in Vertical Tanks of Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products (HTG Mass Measurement Method); GB/27921 Risk Management – Techniques for Risk Assessment; GB/T 29639 Guidelines for Formulating Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents in Production and Business Entities; GB/T 37243 Methods for Determining the External Safety Protection Distances for Hazardous Chemical Production Units and Storage Facilities; GB 50057 Code for Design of Lightning Protection in Buildings; GB 50058 Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive Environments; GB 50074 Code for Design of Petroleum Depots; GB 50116 Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm Systems; GB 50128 Construction Code for Vertical Cylindrical Welded Steel Storage Tanks; GB 50151 Code for Design of Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems; GB 50160 Fire Protection Design Standards for Petrochemical Enterprises; GB 50183 Fire Protection Design Code for Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Projects; GB 50257 Code for Installation of Electrical Installations – Construction and Acceptance Standards for Electrical Installations in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments; GB 50252 Unified Standard for Quality Acceptance of Industrial Installation Projects; GB 50300 Unified Standard for Quality Acceptance of Building Construction Projects; GB 50341 Design Code for Vertical Cylindrical Welded Steel Oil Tanks; GB 50351 Design Code for Fire Dikes in Tank Areas; GB/T 50393 Technical Standards for Corrosion Protection of Steel Petroleum Storage Tanks; GB/T 50493 Design Standards for Detection and Alarm Systems for Combustible and Toxic Gases in Petrochemical Industries; GB 50650 Code for Lightning Protection Design of Petrochemical Installations; GB 50737 Code for Design of Petroleum Reserve Depots; GB/T 50770 Design Code for Safety Instrumented Systems in Petrochemical Industries; AQ 3013 General Standards for Safety Standardization of Hazardous Chemical Industry Entities; AQ 3035 General Technical Standards for Safety Monitoring of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals; AQ 3036 Standards for the Installation of On-site Safety Monitoring Equipment in Tank Areas of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals; AQ 3047 Standards for Safety Warning Signs in Chemical Handling Areas; AQ/T 9006 Basic Standards for Enterprise Work Safety Standardization; SH/T 3007 Design Code for Tank Areas in Petrochemical Storage and Transportation Systems; SH/T 3019 Design Code for Instrumentation and Pipeline Networks in Petrochemical Industries; SH/T 3022 Corrosion Protection Design Standards for Coatings on Petrochemical Equipment and Pipelines; SH/T 3097 Design Standards for Static Grounding in Petrochemical Industries; SH/T 3528 Construction and Acceptance Standards for Foundations of Steel Petroleum Storage Tanks in Petrochemical Industries; SY/T 0511 Accessories for Petroleum Storage Tanks; SY/T 0608 Design and Construction of Large Welded Low-Pressure Storage Tanks; SY 4200 General Rules for Quality Acceptance of Construction Projects in Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries; SY 4202 Quality Acceptance Standards for Tank Projects in Petroleum and Natural Gas Construction Projects; SY/T 5225 Technical Regulations for Fire and Explosion Prevention in Drilling, Development, Storage and Transportation of Petroleum and Natural Gas; SY/T 5921 Operation, Maintenance and Repair Standards for Vertical Cylindrical Welded Steel Oil Tanks; SY 6306 Safety Standards for Operation of Steel Crude Oil Storage Tanks; SY 6503 Safety Standards for Detection and Alarm Systems of Combustible Gases in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Projects; SY/T 6620 Inspection, Repair, Renovation and Reconstruction of Oil Tanks; SY/T 6696 Standards for Mechanical Cleaning of Storage Tanks; SY/T 6820 Safe Access and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks; JB/T 4730 Non-destructive Testing of Pressure Equipment; TB 10063 Code for Fire Protection Design of Railway Engineering Projects; API Std 2000 Venting of Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks; ISO 16852 Flame Arresters – Performance requirements, test methods and limits for use.

V. Process and Basis for Handling Major Disagreements
None. VI. Recommendation on the nature of the standard: It is recommended that it be a voluntary standard. VII. Recommendation on the date of standard implementation: A one-year transition period is recommended, so as to promote the standardized development of the oil storage tank area industry through the implementation of these standards. VIII. Policy measures related to the implementation of the standards: After the recommendations are issued, the competent authorities shall organize promotional activities to eliminate obstacles caused by fragmented management across different departments. This will help standardize and unify the full-life-cycle management of hazardous chemicals tank farms, thereby improving their safety management levels. IX. Recommendations for repealing existing relevant standards: None. X. Notes on Patents: This standard does not cover any related patents. XI. List of products, processes, and services covered by the standard: None. XII. Other matters requiring explanation: None. In accordance with the requirements of the Standardization Administration and the Ministry of Emergency Management, the Hazardous Chemicals Supervision Department of the Ministry of Emergency Management organized relevant entities to formulate and revise five draft standards, namely the \"General Rules for the Storage of Hazardous Chemicals\", the \"Safety Management Specifications for Oil Storage Areas\", the \"Safety Management Specifications for Cyanides\", the \"Technical Requirements for Explosion Prevention Measures in Oil (Gas) Storage Tanks at Gas Stations\", and the \"Technical Requirements for Portable Explosion Prevention Devices at Gas Stations\" (see Attachments 1-5; electronic versions can be downloaded from the \"Feedback Collection\" section under the \"Interaction\" category on the website of the Ministry of Emergency Management). Public comments are now being sought. The period for soliciting public opinions this time is from March 27, 2020, to May 28, 2020. To submit your feedback, please fill out the Feedback Form for Emergency Management Standards Projects (see Attachment 6) and send it to the Hazardous Chemicals Supervision Department of the Ministry of Emergency Management (electronically to the designated email address zhoujiling@ccsa.net.cn). Contact person and phone number: Zhou Jiling, 010-64464037, 64463902 (fax).