The issue of the takeover direction
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I would like to ask fellow sailors: When reinforcing an opening in a head, the pipe connection can be aligned parallel to the center line of the head (radially), or parallel to the normal line at the location of the opening in the head (normal to it). What are the advantages of each of these directions, in what situations are they suitable, and how should one decide whether to use a radial or normal alignment for the pipe connection?
The direction of the pipe outlet is generally determined based on the requirements of the process. If the diameter of the equipment is small, it is usually arranged parallel to the normal of the opening in the head, which provides more space at the pipe flange and helps to avoid interference; this decision is typically made in accordance with the process requirements. . .
The normal opening position and direction are actually not favorable for pipeline layout.
If the calculations are satisfactory and there is enough space, we will arrange them all parallel to the axis of the cylinder, to facilitate manufacturing and inspection.
To put it briefly, the radial direction tends toward the cylinder body, while the normal direction tends toward the head; in practice, in engineering these are the same thing – the radial direction is essentially the normal direction. On the cover, there are normal directions (perpendicular to the tangent at that position) and non-radial directions (the most common of which are parallel to the axis of the housing). The normal openings in the head are generally non-process ports, such as manholes; process ports are usually parallel to the shell axis. Of course, sometimes the equipment has a small diameter and many openings, with a mixing system in the middle; in such cases, the process piping ports may also be designed to be radial. Holes that are normal to the axis have a small diameter, making hole reinforcement easier to implement; whereas holes parallel to the shell’s axis have a larger diameter, and more consideration is required for hole reinforcement. Especially in cases where no additional reinforcement is used, one should not assume that creating an 89-mm hole and using 6 reinforcement elements will be sufficient.
Parallel to the centerline of the head is the axial direction; ah, this is the main approach used
The process pipe connections are determined by the process; generally, axial connections are used for process pipes, while radial connections are typically used for manholes and sight glasses.