Inspection standards for various chemical processing equipment

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The standard of equipment integrity is the sole criterion for assessing equipment quality, as well as the fundamental basis for enterprise equipment management. This article will share with you the five standards for maintaining equipment in good condition! 01 Basic Level: ① Grade 1 intact equipment, ② Grade 2 intact equipment, ③ Non-intact equipment. Grade 1: The foundation is stable; there is no corrosion, tilting, or cracks. Connections are secure, with no looseness, breakage, or detachment. Grade 2: The foundation is stable; there is no corrosion, tilting, or cracks. Connections are secure, with no looseness, breakage, or detachment. Non-intact: There is corrosion, tilting, cracks, looseness, breakage, or detachment.
02 Structure: Grade 1: The structure is complete, all components are present, and any wear, corrosion, or deformation remains within acceptable limits. Grade 2: The structure and components are basically complete; minor defects exist but do not affect safe operation. Non-intact: The structure and components are incomplete, thereby affecting safe operation.
03 Lubrication: Grade 1: Lubrication is adequate; there is no leakage of oil, water, gas, or other substances. Grade 2: Lubrication is generally satisfactory, with no significant leakage issues. Non-intact: There are serious leakage problems.
04 Measuring instruments and protective devices: Grade 1: Measuring instruments are sensitive and reliable; all safety protective devices are present. Grade 2: The main measuring instruments and safety protective devices are present and reliable. Non-intact: They are either incomplete or unreliable.
05 Equipment accuracy and operational efficiency: Grade 1: The equipment operates normally; its accuracy meets the specified requirements as stipulated at the time of manufacture. Grade 2: The equipment operates normally; its accuracy meets process-related technical requirements. Non-intact: The equipment no longer operates normally and fails to meet process-related technical requirements.
Note: If any one of the five items indicates that the equipment is non-intact, then it is classified as non-intact equipment. In recent years, many enterprises have established their own standards for the condition of equipment, in line with corporate standard formats, providing a more scientific and reasonable basis for determining and calculating the equipment integrity rate. At the same time, enterprises define the equipment integrity rate as the proportion of all operational production equipment within a company to the total amount of production equipment. The calculation formula is: Equipment availability rate = (Number of functional production equipment units/Total number of production equipment units) × 100%. It is evident that in order to accurately determine the equipment availability rate, equipment managers must first establish standards for the functionality of various production equipment in their company; only then can they carry out thorough inspections and evaluations based on those standards. In other words, the standard of equipment integrity is the sole criterion for assessing equipment quality, as well as the fundamental basis for enterprise equipment management. Without standards, you cannot inspect and evaluate whether equipment is in good condition; just as if you don’t know whether Beijing is to the east or west, you won’t be able to get there. Statistical criteria for the equipment integrity rate. Definition of equipment integrity rate: The proportion of well-maintained production equipment among all production equipment. It is an important indicator reflecting the technical condition of a company’s equipment and the level of its equipment management efforts. The calculation formula is as follows: Equipment availability rate = Total number of functional devices / Total number of production devices × 100% = × 100%. The total number of devices mentioned in the formula includes those that are in use, those that are out of use, and those that are stored. The standard for equipment in good condition serves as the basic basis for equipment management. It is the criterion for determining whether equipment is in a technically sound state, and it also forms the foundation and prerequisite for calculating the equipment integrity rate. 　 Statistical standards for equipment leakage rate 01. Classification of sealing points and scope of statistics 1. Dynamic seals: Seals between two components of continuously moving, rotating, or reciprocating parts in various electromechanical devices (including machine tools) are considered dynamic seals. Seals for compressor shafts, pump shafts, rotating shafts of various reactors, etc., all fall under dynamic seals. 2. Static sealing: In equipment (including machine tools) and on-site heating equipment, as well as their associated pipelines and accessories, the sealing between two components that have no relative motion during operation is referred to as static sealing. Such as flanges on equipment pipelines, various valves, plug plugs, and union joints ； Oil level gauges and auxiliary pipelines on pump equipment ； Transformers, oil switches, and cable terminals of electrical equipment ； Instrument orifice plates, control valves, auxiliary leads ； The connection points with other devices are all static seals. 02. Statistical criteria for sealing points
1. Statistical criteria for dynamic sealing points: A seal between two components that are in continuous motion—rotating or reciprocating—is counted as one dynamic sealing point. 2. Statistical criteria for static seal points: One joint of a static seal point is counted as one static seal point. A pair of flanges, regardless of their size or specifications, is considered one sealing point. A valve is generally considered to have four sealing points; if there is a plug behind the valve or if it is directly connected to a vent, one additional point should be counted for each of these cases. One threaded union counts as three sealing points. Special areas such as the bolt holes of the connection flanges are connected to the interior of the equipment; aside from the joint surface which serves as one sealing point, each bolt hole requires its own sealing point. 3. Criteria for counting leakage points: One leakage is counted as one leakage point; whether it occurs at a sealing point or due to weld cracks, porosity, corrosion, or other reasons, it is all included in the count of leakage points. 　　Formula for calculating leakage rate: Leakage rate = (Number of leakage points / Number of static seal points) × 1000. 03. Inspection standards for dynamic and static seals: (I) Inspection standards for static seals: 1. At the joints of equipment and pipelines, there should be no coking, no smoking, no signs of leakage, no seepage, and no dirt when inspected visually. 2. For instrument equipment and the conduits for steam and air, leak testing is carried out using soapy water at the welding points and other connection areas; no bubbles should be present ； For vacuum areas, use a thin piece of paper in a vertical manner. 3. At the joints of electrical equipment such as transformers, oil switches, and oil-impregnated paper-insulated cable terminals, no leakage is visible to the naked eye. 4. For the oxygen, nitrogen, and air systems, check with soapy water to ensure there are no bubbles. 5. Steam system: no leaks and no scale visible to the naked eye. 6. For chemical systems such as acids and bases, there should be no signs of leakage, no residue, no scaling, no smoking, and no color change when tested with precision test strips. 7. For the water and oil systems, a visual inspection or manual touch shows no leaks or scale. 8. Various gearboxes, vertical shafts, and speed control levers of different machine tools show no obvious leaks upon visual inspection. Areas without seals, such as slide blocks and guide rails, are not subject to statistics or evaluation. (II) Inspection standards for dynamic seals: 1. For the crankcase covers of various reciprocating compressors, and the shaft bearings of turbine compressors, slight oil leakage is allowed, but it must be wiped clean regularly. 2. For various types of reciprocating compressor packings and turbine compressor gas seals, no leakage is allowed at the beginning of operation, while slight leakage is permissible by the end of the operating interval. Various oil injectors can allow for slight leakage, but they must be cleaned regularly. 3. Bearings equipped with oil rings in various transmission devices must not leak oil, while bearings that require lubrication can allow slight seepage, which should be wiped clean at all times. 4. The allowable leakage rate for the water pump packing is no more than 60 drops per minute in the initial stage. 5. For all types of pumps equipped with mechanical seals, no leakage is allowed at the beginning of operation, and the leakage rate should not exceed 60 drops per minute at the end of operation. 6. If water leakage from the pump appears as a stream of water, it indicates a severe leakage in the equipment. (III) Standards for oil leakage from production equipment 1. Oil seepage: It is considered oil seepage when there are no visible oil stains, and no oil stains reappear within 5 minutes after the area has been wiped clean. 2. Oil leakage: There are visible oil stains, and some appear as oil droplets; if oil stains or droplets reappear within 5 minutes after they have been wiped away, it is considered oil leakage. 3. Oil leakage point: A place with an obvious oil stain or an oil droplet is considered a leakage point. 4. Oil-proof equipment: Equipment that is oil-proof means there is no leakage at the static joints and no leakage at the moving joints. 5. General oil leakage equipment: Equipment that shows signs of oil leakage but not to a severe extent is considered general oil leakage equipment. 6. Equipment with severe oil leakage: Any equipment in which the number of drops of oil falling per minute from a single leak point exceeds 3 is considered to have severe oil leakage. Image 1: Criteria for a proper centrifugal pump 1. It operates normally with good efficiency. (1) The pressure and flow rate are stable, and the output meets the requirements of normal production or exceeds 90% of the capacity indicated on the nameplate ； (2) The lubrication and cooling systems are unobstructed, and the oil sumps, bearing housings, level gauges, etc. are all present and in good working condition. The lubricating oil (grease) selected meets the specified requirements. The bearing temperature meets the design specifications ； (3) It operates smoothly without noise, and the vibration levels are within the specified standards ； (4) No obvious leakage at the shaft seal: Packing seal leakage: No more than 20 drops per minute for light oil ； Heavy oil: no more than 10 drops per minute. 　　Mechanical seal leakage: Mild, not exceeding 10 drops per minute ； Heavy oil: no more than 5 drops per minute. 2. The internal components are undamaged and their quality meets the requirements. The material used for the main components, the radial and axial runout of the rotor, as well as the fit between various components, along with the wear limits, must all comply with the specified regulations. 3. The main unit is clean, and all accessories are complete and functional. (1) The pressure gauge should be calibrated regularly to ensure it is accurate and in good condition. The control and self-start interlock systems are sensitive and reliable. Safety guards, wheel screws, latch pieces, etc. are all available and functional ； (2) The structure is complete; the fixing screws, water retaining trays, etc. are all present and functional ； (3) The foundation and pump base must be solid and intact; the anchor bolts as well as all connection bolts should be fully tightened, properly aligned, and secure ； (4) The inlet valve, as well as the pipelines for lubrication and cooling, are installed properly, in a horizontal and vertical position, with no blockages or leaks. The check valve is flexible and easy to use ； (5) The pump body is clean, with intact and attractive insulation and painting ； (6) The auxiliary equipment is in good condition. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Regular condition monitoring records (key equipment) ； (3) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 2: Criteria for the integrity of centrifugal compressors 1. Normal operation with good efficiency (1) The equipment’s output meets the requirements of normal production, or reaches at least 90% of the capacity indicated on the nameplate ； (2) The lubrication system, oil sealing system, cooling system, gas sealing, balance pipes, etc. are in good working condition and unobstructed. The lubricating oil and sealing oil used meet the specified requirements. The temperature of the sliding bearings or rolling bearings is within the specified limits ； (3) The high-level tanks for lubricating oil and seal oil, the axial displacement control system, the anti-surge measures, as well as the pressure and flow controls and the oil-gas differential pressure controls are all complete and functional. The alarm and shutdown controls should be sensitive and accurate ； (4) It operates smoothly without noise; the shaft displacement is within the design specifications, and the vibration levels meet the standard requirements. 2. The internal components are undamaged and meet the quality requirements. (1) The material used for the components meets the design specifications ； (2) The radial and axial runout of the rotor, the fit of various components during installation, and the wear limits must all comply with the regulations. 3. The unit is well-organized, with all necessary accessories available and functional. (1) Pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, tachometers, thermometers, sensors, vibration probes, and safety devices should be calibrated regularly to ensure their accuracy and reliability. The safety guards, coupling components, and crankshaft turning mechanisms are all available and in good working condition ； (2) The structure is complete; the fixing bolts, waste discharge systems, and water release valves are all in good condition and functional ； (3) The foundation and base should be solid and intact; the anchor bolts and all connection bolts must be fully tightened, in proper alignment, and securely fastened ； (4) The import and export pipelines, valves, and associated piping are installed properly, with no blockages or leaks ； (5) The machine should be clean, with no signs of impact, banging, scraping, or biting on its internal and external surfaces; the paint should be intact and in good condition. 4. The technical documentation must be complete and accurate, and it should include (1) equipment records, in compliance with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Regular condition monitoring records ； (3) Regular lubricant analysis records ； (4) Equipment structure diagram and vulnerable parts diagram. Image 3: Criteria for the integrity of centrifugal fans 1. Normal operation with good efficiency. (1) The output of the equipment meets the requirements of normal production, or reaches at least 90% of the capacity indicated on the nameplate ； (2) The lubrication system and cooling system are in good working condition, and the lubricating oil used meets the specified requirements. The bearing temperature shall not exceed the specified design value ； (3) It operates smoothly without noise, and the shaft displacement and vibration are within the specified limits ； (4) The anti-surge system should be sensitive and reliable; 2. The internal components must be free from damage, and their quality must meet the required standards. The selection of key components, as well as the radial and axial runout of the rotor, the fit between various components, and the wear limits, all must comply with the specified regulations. 3. The main unit is neat, with all accessories available and functional. (1) Pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, temperature sensor, vibration detection probes, guards, alignment screws, pins, etc. are all present and in good working condition ； (2) The structure is complete, with positioning pins, vent valves, etc. all present and in good working condition ； (3) The foundation and base should be solid and intact; the anchor bolts as well as all connection bolts must be fully tightened, properly aligned, and secure ； (4) The inlet and outlet valves, as well as the lubrication and cooling systems, are properly installed with no leaks ； (5) The body is clean, and the paint is intact and good-looking. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Regular condition monitoring and analysis records ； (3) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 4: Criteria for the integrity of tubular heating furnaces 1. Normal operation with good efficiency. (1) The equipment’s efficiency meets the requirements for normal production or reaches over 90% of its designed capacity, but it must not be operated beyond its capacity limits ； (2) Indicators for flow rate, temperature, pressure, etc. in each section are accurate and sensitive; adjustments can be made flexibly, with no serious coking or pressure buildup occurring ； (3) The furnace tubes show no local overheating, cracks, bulging, or expansion of the tube diameter, and the bending of the furnace tubes is within acceptable limits ； (4) The burner is free of coking and blockage. The automatic detection instrument provides accurate control, and the “three doors and one panel” setup is flexible and easy to use ； (5) The furnace body is airtight with no severe air leakage, and the outer wall temperature meets the design requirements ； 2. The furnace body and its internal components are free from damage, and their quality meets the requirements. (1) The material of each component, as well as the wall thickness of the elbow fittings and furnace tubes, and the quality of the expansion joint installations must comply with the regulations. Pressure- and heat-exposed components such as hangers and tube sheets show no fractures or severe deformation ； (2) The furnace wall and lining show no severe damage or detachment. 3. The main structure is in good condition, with all components present and functional. (1) The furnace body, convection section, ducts, and foundation are intact, with no significant tilting or cracks. Bolts at all locations are fully threaded, neatly arranged, and tightly fastened, meeting the equipment’s seismic requirements ； (2) Pressure, temperature, and flow meters should be calibrated regularly; safety measures such as sight holes, explosion-proof doors, access doors, fire protection systems, emergency venting, and lightning protection grounding must be complete and reliable ； The lighting facilities are complete and functional ； (3) Import and export pipelines, valves, elbows, welds, and the combustion system are free of blockages and leaks ； (4) The auxiliary pipelines are installed properly; all connections should be secure, neat, and tightly fastened ； (5) The auxiliary facilities of the furnace body are neat, and the thermal insulation and painting are intact and aesthetically pleasing. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of detachable components. Image 5: Standards for the integrity of towers 1. Normal operation with good performance (1) The equipment’s performance meets the requirements for normal production or satisfies the design specifications ； (2) Indicators such as pressure, pressure drop, temperature, and liquid level are accurate and sensitive, with flexible adjustment, and remain within the allowable range ； (3) All entrances, exits, downcomers, etc. are unobstructed. 2. The components are undamaged and their quality meets the requirements. (1) Corrosion on the tower structure and its components should be within acceptable limits, and no major components inside the tower have fallen off ； (2) The tower structure, components, lining, and welds have no defects exceeding specified limits, and there is no detachment of internal components ； (3) The materials of various components inside and outside the tower, as well as the quality of their installation, shall meet the design and installation technical requirements or the provisions of relevant regulations. 3. The main unit is clean, and all accessories are complete and functional. (1) Safety valves and various instruments should be calibrated regularly to ensure they are sensitive and accurate ； (2) Safety facilities such as fire protection lines, vent lines, and emergency vent lines are complete and in good working condition; lighting facilities are adequate and in proper order. Valves in all areas operate smoothly without any internal leaks, and lightning protection and grounding measures are reliable ； (3) Ladders, platforms, and railings are intact and secure. Good insulation, with paint that is intact and attractive in appearance. Static seal with no leakage ； (4) Foundation, steel structure. The skirt base is firm, with no uneven sinking. All fasteners are properly installed and secure, meeting seismic requirements. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Equipment classified as pressure vessels must obtain a pressure vessel use license ； (3) Diagram of the equipment structure and vulnerable components. Image 6: Criteria for a functional shell-and-tube heat exchanger. 1. It operates normally with good performance. (1) The equipment’s efficiency meets the requirements of normal production, or it can reach over 90% of its designed capacity ； (2) There is no leakage in the tubes and other internal components, nor any severe scaling or vibration. 2. All components are free from damage and their quality meets the requirements. (1) The materials used for various parts and accessories should comply with the design specifications, and their installation should adhere to the relevant regulations ； (2) The erosion and corrosion of the shell and tube bundle are within acceptable limits, and the number of blocked tubes in the same tube side does not exceed 10% of the total. (3) The partition has no severe twisting or deformation. 3. The main body is tidy, with all components available and in good working condition. (1) The main body is neat, and its insulation and painting are complete and attractive ； (2) The foundation and supports are intact and secure; all bolts are properly fastened, in good condition, and tight, meeting the seismic requirements ； (3) The shell components, as well as various valves, flanges, front and rear end caps, etc., show no leaks ； (4) Accessories such as pressure gauges, thermometers, and safety valves should be calibrated regularly to ensure accuracy and reliability. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Equipment that falls under the category of pressure vessels must obtain a pressure vessel use license ； (3) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 7: Criteria for the integrity of pressure storage tanks (1) The product nameplate and registration nameplate are complete and clear ； (2) The materials used for pressure storage tanks shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 2 of GB150-89 \"Steel Pressure Vessels\", and at the same time shall meet the requirements of Chapter 2 of the \"Regulations on Safety Supervision of Pressure Vessels by the Ministry of Labor\" ； (3) The tank body shows no severe deformation, no cracks, no bulging, and the degree of corrosion is within acceptable limits. Pressure storage tanks that have defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete welding (exceeding specified limits) and cannot be repaired must undergo a safety assessment to determine that they are fit for use before they can be employed ； (4) The supports are firm, the foundation is intact, with no unevenness or settlement. The bolts are fully threaded, neatly arranged, and tightly secured, meeting the equipment’s seismic requirements ； (5) The storage tank must not operate under conditions of overpressure, overheating, or overload ； (6) For storage tanks with an inner lining and external insulation, the outer insulation covering the inner lining must be in good condition, free of cracks or peeling. 2. All accessories are complete and functional. (1) Safety valves should be regularly calibrated and inspected to ensure they are sensitive and reliable. (2) Pressure gauges, level gauges, wall temperature sensors, and vent valves (for pressure storage tanks used at high temperatures) must all be present and functional ； (3) Grounding, lightning protection, and anti-static measures must be complete, and regular inspections should be carried out ； (4) Fire protection, safety, and sprinkler systems are complete. 3. The tank is clean and well protected against corrosion. (1) The tank is clean, and its painting, insulation, or heat-resistant coatings are in good condition and meet relevant regulations ； (2) There are no leaks at the connections such as the manholes of the storage tank and the inlet and outlet valves ； (3) The corrosion of the tank body and accessories is within acceptable limits. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Permit for the use of pressure vessels ； (3) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 8: Standards for the integrity of atmospheric pressure storage tanks. 1. The tank body is intact and meets quality requirements. (1) There is no severe deformation of the tank body; the degree of corrosion at all parts is within acceptable limits, and there are no leaks ； (2) There is no uneven settlement of the tank foundation, and the tilt of the tank complies with regulations ； (3) The floating roof tank has good sealing, moves up and down freely, and its sealing components show no signs of aging, cracking, or loss of elasticity. 2. All accessories are present and functional (1) Breathing valves, sealed gauging ports, ventilation ducts, drain holes, high- and low-level entry/exit points, drain valves, heating coils, level gauges, etc., are all present and in good working condition; there are no blockages or leaks ； (2) The fire protection and lighting facilities are complete, in compliance with safety and explosion-proof regulations; the grounding resistance is less than 10 ohms, and the lightning protection and anti-static facilities are in good condition ； (3) Floating roof tanks must be equipped with high liquid level alarms and automatic air supply valves. The vent holes are flexible and easy to use. 3. The tank is clean and well-protected against corrosion: (1) The internal anti-corrosion coating is intact, there is external insulation, and the paint is in good condition and looks attractive ； (2) The tank should be clean; the drain wells must have water seals and be unobstructed, while the insulation wells should be clean and covered ； (3) There are no leaks at the inlet and outlet valves and access holes; all bolts are fully tightened, in proper alignment, and securely fastened. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the company’s equipment management regulations ； (2) Storage tank capacity table ； (3) Foundation settlement test records (over 500 m3) ； (4) Equipment structure diagram and vulnerable parts diagram. Image 9: Standards for the sound condition of steam turbines
1. Normal operation with good performance
(1) Capable of being put into operation at any time; it can continuously deliver power at levels equal to or within the limits approved by superiors. It operates normally under various load conditions as per its design specifications ； (2) The thermal efficiency reaches the design level or the average advanced level of similar domestic units ； (3) The unit vibration meets the acceptable standards. Among them, the outward vertical direction meets good standards. The oil quality, oil temperature, and oil pressure comply with relevant regulations ； (4) The integrity of the vacuum system, the vacuum level of the condenser, the exhaust steam backpressure, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower cylinders – all of these operational parameters meet the requirements specified in relevant regulations. 2. The internal components are undamaged and meet the quality requirements. (1) The stationary and rotating blades as well as nozzles are intact; erosion and corrosion are minor. The clearances between the stationary and rotating parts are within the specified range. The frequency of the rotating blades is within acceptable limits, or even if it is not, no issues such as blade deformation or breakage have occurred due to long-term operation ； (2) The main components such as cylinders, rotors, diaphragms, and bearings have no defects that could affect safe operation ； (3) The dynamic and static characteristics of the regulation system comply with relevant regulations ； (4) Measuring instruments for expansion difference, axial displacement, back pressure, and temperatures of the inner and outer walls of the cylinder are complete, correct, and reliable. 3. The main unit is neat, with all accessories present and functional. (1) All various protection devices and signaling devices are in good condition and function properly ； (2) Various automatic control devices can be put into use at any time ； (3) The steam turbine unit is properly insulated, with no leaks; the equipment and its surrounding area are clean, the lighting is adequate, and all necessary signs and labels are present in proper condition ； (4) All heaters in the heating system are operating normally. The inspection rate for pressure vessels is 100%, and the repair rate is also 100%. 4. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Condition monitoring records ； (3) Equipment structure diagram and diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 10: Standards for a proper boiler 1. Normal operation with good efficiency: (1) It should be able to maintain the output specified on the nameplate or the output approved by higher authorities, and it must be ready for operation at any time, with an annual equivalent availability rate of over 90% ； (2) The efficiency reaches the design level or the average advanced level of similar boilers in the country ； (3) The main parameters such as steam temperature, steam pressure, steam quality, and furnace negative pressure meet the requirements specified in the regulations ； (4) The flue gas temperature and oxygen content at the boiler’s rated output meet the requirements of relevant regulations. 2. The internal components are undamaged and meet the required quality standards. (1) The steam drums, headers, and heat-exchanging surfaces show slight corrosion and wear, while tube creep is within normal limits ； (2) Protection signal devices such as safety doors, explosion-proof doors, water level alarms, and fire protection systems are in good condition and operational, with reliable operation. The safety door is airtight and meets the requirements of the “safety regulations”. (3) The main automatic control devices for steam temperature, steam pressure, feedwater, combustion, etc. are safe and reliable, and are in normal operation ； (4) The furnace wall has no major defects, good thermal insulation, and the heat loss is basically in line with national standards. 3. The main unit is tidy, with all accessories available and functional. (1) All components and accessories are present; the main instruments such as those for measuring steam pressure, steam temperature, carbon dioxide levels, water level, flow rate, furnace negative pressure, flue gas temperature, and water level alarms are in good condition and accurate ； (2) The main steam pipes, feed water pipes, supports and hangers, as well as the insulation within the boiler area are in good condition and undamaged. The metal material and creep behavior of the high-temperature and high-pressure main steam pipeline comply with the regulatory requirements ； (3) The feedwater pipes within the boiler area that are used for the main steam pipes should be inspected regularly; the repair rate must be 100%, and the welds must be free of any significant defects ； (4) The pipelines for steam, water, smoke, air, and the combustion system connected to the boiler itself are installed properly. Leakage ≤0.5％0. All bolts shall be fully tightened, properly aligned, securely fastened, and meet local seismic design requirements ； (5) The equipment is in its original color, free of dust and dirt; the paint is intact and attractive, the lighting is sufficient, and the color rings, flow arrows, and numbering are all present. 3. The technical documents must be complete and accurate; they should include (1) equipment records that comply with the requirements of the headquarters’ equipment management system ； (2) Safety technology logbook or usage registration certificate ； (3) Condition monitoring records ； (4) Boiler cross-sectional view, diagrams of vulnerable components. Image 11: Standards for a proper motor 1. Normal operation with good efficiency. (1) The output can consistently meet the requirements specified on the nameplate or those approved by higher authorities, with the current remaining within acceptable limits ； (2) The temperature rise is within the allowable range for different grades of insulating materials ； (3) The vibration of each component shall meet the requirements specified in the relevant departmental regulations ； (4) There should be no sparks during the operation of the slip rings and commutators. 2. The structure is complete and the quality meets the requirements. (1) Preventive tests must pass ； (2) The coil, core, and slot wedges are not loose ； (3) The protection devices shall meet the design requirements, have accurate setting values, and operate reliably ； (4) Explosion-proof motors used in explosion-proof areas shall meet the requirements of explosion-proof regulations. 3. The unit is tidy, with all accessories present and functional. (1) The area around the motor is clean; the nameplate on the casing is clear, and there is an on-site identification number ； (2) The cable does not leak oil, and its installation complies with standards ； (3) The air cooler has good efficiency and can meet the temperature requirements of the motor ； (4) The motor’s interlock devices, grounding devices, and other accessories are complete and in good working condition. Important, large electric motors should be equipped with emergency stop buttons on site. 4. The technical documentation must be complete and accurate; it should include (1) equipment records that meet the requirements of the headquarters’ documentation management system ； (2) Maintenance and test records ； (3) Operation records of high-voltage motors. Image 12: Standards for the integrity of measuring and control instruments. 1. The performance of these instruments should be such that they are responsive, provide accurate measurements, and enable stable control (reliability, accuracy, stability). (1) The basic error, hysteresis, and appearance of the instruments must all meet the technical requirements specified for that type of instrument ； (2) The output signals of the regulator and primary instruments vary uniformly, without significant oscillations; the indication error between the primary instruments and secondary instruments meets the specified accuracy requirements ； (3) For regulators with integral action, their static error shall meet the corresponding technical requirements ； (4) The range selection of the measuring instruments shall comply with the technical specifications. The indicated flow value is above 30% of the full range (flow scale) ； (5) The interlock protection system can provide automatic protection in the event of an accident. 2. The quality of instrument repair, assembly, and calibration is excellent and meets the technical requirements. (1) All components operate properly, are well-lubricated, and meet the corresponding technical specifications ； (2) Explosion-proof instruments meet the relevant technical requirements ； (3) Pressured instruments that have been taken out for inspection and repair must undergo a pressure resistance and static pressure error test ； (4) The sealed parts of the instrument must undergo a gas-tightness test in accordance with regulations ； (5) The paper feed error meets the corresponding technical requirements. 3. The installation and maintenance of the complete set of instruments (including sensing elements, wires, instrument cabinets, and accessories) meet the required standards: (1) The installation complies with technical specifications; the wires are arranged neatly, the pipelines are horizontal and vertical, the bends are smooth, they are firmly fixed, there are no leaks in the pipelines, and the signal wires are properly shielded and grounded ； (2) The table body is neat, the nameplate is clear, with no obvious defects; all components are complete, without severe damage or rust ； (3) The records are printed clearly with distinct colors; the recording pen does not get clogged or leak, and ink flows smoothly. The recording paper meets the requirements ； (4) The scale markings of the instrument, as well as the letters, numbers, and symbols on the scale plate, should be distinct and clear, and must not be dirty or damaged. The scale should meet the requirements. Legal measurement units shall be used uniformly. I. The scales of the primary and secondary instruments are consistent ； (5) The output ammeter and pressure gauge attached to the transmitter must be in good condition, with accuracy meeting the required standards. 4. The technical documents are complete and well-documented. The documents should include (1) the complete set of automatic control design drawings for the equipment ； (2) Instrument automatic control flow diagram ； (3) Schematic diagrams and wiring diagrams of the self-protection interlock systems for production equipment, large-scale units, etc ； (4) Instrument installation wiring diagram and complex control circuit diagram ； (5) Throttling device calculation table ； (6) Instrument signal alarm and interlock protection setpoint data table ； (7) Instrumentation equipment records ； (8) Installation and operation manual, verification records, installation wiring diagram.