Contents and depth of foundation engineering design

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1. General Information 1) Units and symbols used in the basic engineering design 2) Regulations for the coding of process media 3) Regulations for the PFD and UFD notation methods 4) Regulations for the P&ID notation method 5) Regulations for equipment identification legends and tag numbering 6) Regulations for the notation method in site layout diagrams 7) Regulations for the notation method in equipment layout diagrams 8) Typical format of pipeline naming tables 9) Typical format of pipeline specification tables 10) Description of the composition, classification, and document numbering of the seller’s documents 2. Process Information 2.1 General process information 1) Overall description of the contracted plant: nominal production capacity, operating procedures, processes employed, plant composition, and design principles. 2) Design basis 3) Specifications and consumption rates of raw materials and chemicals, as well as product specifications and output. 4) Specifications and consumption indicators for utility systems (including normal consumption, maximum consumption, and energy consumption). 5) Quantity of emissions from the facility, emission sources, composition, temperature, pressure, and mode of emission. 6) Items listed in the PFD, thermal balance data, to determine various equipment, operating conditions, and equipment technical specifications ； Pipeline sizes and the following data for the process streams required for the PFD: Normal mass flow rate, t/h; Normal flow rate, m³/h; Design mass flow rate, t/h; Design flow rate, m³/h; Temperature, °C; Pressure, MPa; Density, t/m³; Viscosity, m²/s; Solid content, moisture %, % composition. 7) Table of reaction thermodynamic parameters related to the process. 2.2 Process description – Detailed description of each process section. - Principles of Chemical Engineering – Operating Conditions – Equipment Selection – Main Process Controls 2.3 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) – Indicate all process equipment (excluding warehouse equipment), along with the corresponding equipment identifiers. - It shows the material flow direction of all process pipelines as well as the material point numbers that correspond to the material and heat balance data. - It shows the composition and mass of various fluids under normal operating conditions, as well as the connection points for utility systems. - It shows the main control loops and measurement points (such as operating pressure and temperature). 2.4 Equipment Layout Diagram – Principles for Equipment Layout – Scope and Dimensions of the Plant Area – Types and Dimensions of Structures within the Plant Area (including control rooms and analysis laboratories) – Recommended preliminary plans for the horizontal and vertical layout of equipment – Locations, passageways, and openings for lifting equipment used in equipment maintenance – Elevation of equipment – Typical locations and elevations of platforms – Reserved areas for lifting heavy, oversized equipment – Floor elevations of structures within the area – Typical support methods and elevation of support points for key heavy equipment – Location, elevation, and external dimensions of key equipment – Platforms and ladders for operation and maintenance – Indication of the locations and dimensions of control rooms, power distribution rooms, laboratories, and rest areas (changing rooms and toilets) – Identification of areas prone to corrosion and recommended routes for drainage ditches. 2.5 Equipment List – Equipment identification numbers – Names – Quantities (including spare equipment) – Technical descriptions, types, capabilities/specifications, materials (including internal components), drive methods, and motor power of the equipment – Proprietary and patented equipment should be clearly indicated – Estimated weight. 2.6 Operation Manuals, Analysis Manuals, Maintenance Manuals, and Safety Manuals. 2.6.1 The operation manual shall include the following contents: – Design basis – Description of the process flow, along with P&ID and PFD diagrams in A3 format, as well as tables containing material and heat balance data – Process operating conditions; analysis of the impact of changes in operating parameters on raw material consumption and product quality. – Equipment overview: descriptions of the equipment along with a detailed list of its specifications. – Instrumentation overview: list of instruments (including identification numbers, locations, media, and setpoints). – Safety operating procedures: detailed instructions for safe operation. 2.6.2 Detailed descriptions of operating procedures – Initial operations: preparations before testing and startup, equipment inspections, and operation of pumps and fans in accordance with established procedures. - Commissioning/driving procedures – Normal operating procedures – Normal shutdown procedures – Emergency shutdown procedures – Special operations (if any) – Performance testing procedures. 2.6.3 Requirements for equipment cleaning and methods for cleaning equipment and pipelines. 2.6.4 Routine maintenance. 2.6.5 List of analytical equipment, glassware, and reagents along with their technical specifications and operating instructions. 2.6.6 Routine analysis methods for device control. 2.7 Process data sheets for equipment and pumps – The seller shall provide process data sheets for all the equipment listed in the equipment catalog; these sheets should include operating conditions, design conditions, the medium and its properties, such as flow rates, pressures, and temperatures of incoming and outgoing materials, as well as material property parameters (percentage composition, density, and viscosity), and information on whether the operation is intermittent or continuous, etc ； As well as the properties of the materials used in equipment manufacturing, corrosion allowance, specifications or capabilities, sizes and dimensions of connections, insulation requirements, requirements for auxiliary facilities such as platforms and ladders, as well as conditions for static electricity grounding, along with any necessary schematic diagrams. - Heat exchanger heat transfer area, heat load, pressure drop ； Tower type, internal pressure drop (nozzles, packing), etc. - Requirements for container lining. - The capacity of the fan, discharge pressure, pressure difference, speed control conditions, and power. - Pump flow rate and safety margin, pressure difference at the pipe inlet and outlet. - Calculated NPSH, drive method, power. - The format of the process data sheet is proposed by the seller and confirmed by the buyer at the first engineering meeting. 2.8 Process Piping Instrumentation Diagram – The process piping instrumentation diagram shall show the main control points, monitoring and display instruments, pipelines with dimensions, valves and pipeline grades, insulation requirements, venting points, sampling points, safety valve and rupture disc requirements (without dimensions), and control valve requirements (without specifications). And mark the tag number. - On the home page diagram, indicate the abbreviated letters for medium codes, legends and category symbols, as well as symbols for certain instruments, etc. - The numbers of all process pipelines, (including the medium code, unit serial number, pipeline serial number, nominal diameter of the pipeline, insulation code, etc.). Marking for pipes with slope requirements. - All inlet and outlet pipes for auxiliary materials and utility materials connected to the equipment and process pipelines shall be numbered. - The seller shall, based on the documents provided by its suppliers, submit to the buyer documents regarding the connection diameters of the equipment (such as process, auxiliary, and utility streams), as well as the connection methods, standards, and design requirements. - Numbers and annotations of main instruments – Numbers and annotations of special pipes and valve fittings – Numbers of sampling points and sampling devices – Indication of start-up and shutdown pipelines – Specifications, parameters, and requirements for control valves and control valve assemblies. 2.9 Piping and instrumentation diagram for utility materials pipelines The piping and instrumentation diagram for utility materials pipelines should be included in the process piping and instrumentation diagram P&ID. 3. Pipeline Information 3.1 Codes, Standards, and Specifications for Pipeline Materials The codes, standards, and specifications for pipeline materials to be used in pipeline design. 3.2 Pipe characteristics table: Pipe number, nominal diameter and specifications, start and end points, medium and its state, operating conditions, design conditions, material grade, insulation requirements, testing requirements. 3.3 Data sheets and diagrams for special pipe fittings 4. Equipment documentation 4.1 Specifications and standards – Specifications and standards – Various design requirements (including special design needs, material selection, manufacturing, installation, inspection, and testing, etc.). 4.2 Technical specifications for each set of equipment The technical specifications for each set of equipment will include the following: 4.2.1 Technical specifications for containers and towers, accompanied by diagrams – Operating temperature and pressure – Design temperature and pressure – Medium and its performance characteristics – Dimensions (external dimensions) – Materials – Corrosion allowance – Insulation requirements – Grounding requirements – Pipe connection table (specifications, pressure ratings); any requirements regarding the position of special pipe connections shall also be specified. 4.2.2 Technical specifications for heat exchangers with schematic diagrams – Operating conditions (temperature and pressure at inlet and outlet) – Design conditions (temperature, pressure) – Fluids and their properties (flow rate, specific heat, thermal conductivity efficiency, density, and viscosity) – Heat transfer area – Heat load – Heat transfer efficiency – Fouling coefficient – Allowable pressure drop (if required) – Tube arrangement – Manufacturing material – Corrosion allowance 4.2.3 Technical specifications for mechanical equipment 1) Operating conditions Fluid conditions (composition, moisture content, density, viscosity, temperature, pressure, particle size, corrosion characteristics) Operating conditions (rate or capacity, inlet/outlet pressure of pumps/fans, and operating mode, etc.) 2) Design conditions Type, quantity, specifications, manufacturing material, calculated NPSH, drive method ； Requirements for the speed of the transmission mechanism, shaft power, and measurement methods; requirements for utility systems; technical specifications for motors. 4.2.4 Technical requirements for special equipment accompanied by schematic diagrams – operating data – structural design – external dimensions – special requirements – manufacturing materials. 4.3 Drawings of key equipment. 5. Instrumentation data: 5.1 The basic engineering design documents for instruments should include: instrument design descriptions, design specifications, instrument index tables, instrument specification sheets, specifications for instrument panels/cabinets, specifications for on-line analyzers and rooms, a summary table of the main materials used in the instruments, diagrams showing the layout or routing of the instrument cables, logic diagrams for safety instrument systems, logic diagrams for sequential control systems, and diagrams or descriptions of complex control circuits. When a Distributed Control System DCS, a Safety Instrumented System, or a PLC system is used, there should be corresponding system specification documents. 5.2 Instrumentation Design Specifications: Requirements of the production facility for instruments and control systems, the level of automation in the production process, principles for selecting key instruments, design requirements for measuring instruments, and accuracy specifications, etc. -Detection and control schemes, including descriptions of specialized instruments, complex control, sequence control, advanced control, and safety instrument systems. -Measures for the protection, insulation, cooling, heat isolation, anti-clogging, corrosion prevention, grounding, protection against electromagnetic interference, and protection against radiation of instruments. 5.3 Principles and requirements for instrument selection: – Standard specifications for design and selection, standards for signal transmission, and units of measurement. -Principles for selecting instrumentation systems (DCS, PLC, SIS, flow meters, level sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, control valves, flow meters, and other instruments) – Principles and requirements for selecting instrumentation power supplies, air supplies, etc. 5.4 Instrument Index and Specification Sheets: The instrument index includes the following information: tag number, purpose, instrument name, signal type, installation location (PID diagram number, equipment or pipeline number), heat tracing, etc. The instrument specification sheets contain the following details: control and monitoring parameters, model (or valve model), valve functions, material specifications and quantities, pressure drop of control valves, process operation data, medium and its properties, operating conditions, as well as technical descriptions, type, range, materials, and responses to supply air failures. 5.5 Alarm systems and interlock system diagrams, logic diagrams of interlock systems and sequential control systems, cause-and-effect diagrams, flowcharts, and timing diagrams. 5.6 Instrument circuit diagrams: In complex control systems, single-line diagrams and instrument symbols are used to represent the control relationships and composition of complex circuits, along with any necessary textual explanations. 5.7 Design description of the control room and its preliminary layout based on process considerations. 5.8 Sampling diagrams and installation drawings for automatic analyzers. 5.9 Layout or routing diagram of the main cable trays for instruments, indicating the route, elevation, and dimensions of the main cable trays. 6. Safety system design documents – Description of the ESD system. 7. Electrical data: 7.1 General principles, codes, and standards; 7.2 List of motors, including: – Designation numbers of electrical equipment; – Voltage levels; – Speed and speed control methods (if required); – Shaft power and installed power; – Operating modes; – Requirements for current and voltage monitoring; – Schematics of protection controls; – Requirements for emergency power supply; Motors that are prone to overload should be specified. 7.3 Corrosion prevention measures, diagrams showing hazardous areas, and requirements for electrical protection. 7.4 Requirements for emergency power supply design: – List of parties responsible for providing emergency power; – Maximum allowable downtime due to power outages; – Technical specifications for emergency power supply design. 7.5 Design requirements for special electrical equipment: – List of such equipment; – Control circuit schematics; – Speed control methods, range of adjustment, and accuracy of speed control for variable-speed motors. 7.6 Electrical program control diagrams. 7.7 Electrical single-line diagrams. 8. Civil engineering and steel structure design data: 8.1 Technical details regarding corrosion prevention for installations and facilities. 8.2 Preliminary list of maximum loads on equipment (including dynamic and static loads, as well as the weight of the seller’s equipment and its spare parts). 9. General technical specifications – Specifications for civil engineering design (if any) – Specifications for piping design – Specifications for instrumentation design – Specifications for electrical design – Specifications for painting and protection.
10. Technical tender documents: Technical specifications for tendering of process equipment, instruments, analytical instruments, special piping materials, and electrical equipment intended for quotation purposes.