Material description in the pipeline material table

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Pipe fittings are a general term for components in pipeline systems that serve functions such as connection, control, direction change, diversion, sealing, and support. All steel pipe fittings are pressure-bearing pipe fittings. Based on different processing methods, they are divided into four major categories: butt-welded pipe fittings (which include those with welds and those without welds), socket-welded and threaded pipe fittings, and flanged pipe fittings. Fittings refer to the components used in piping systems for direct connection, turning, branching, changing diameter, and serving as ends, etc. These include elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, pipe clamps, male and female threaded joints, swivel joints, quick-connect hose fittings, threaded splices, branch pipe supports, plug valves, pipe caps, blind flanges, etc.; valves, flanges, fasteners, and gaskets are not included. The material data for pipe fittings mainly includes style, connection type, pressure rating, wall thickness grade, material, standard specifications, and dimensions. Common classifications: There are many types of piping, which are classified here based on purpose, connection method, material, and manufacturing process. By purpose: 1. Fittings used for connecting pipes together include flanges, couplings, pipe clamps, band clamps, sleeve clamps, collar clamps, etc. 2. Fittings that change the direction of pipes: elbows, bends. 3. Fittings that change the diameter of pipes: reducers (tees), eccentric elbows, branch connections, reinforcement pipes. 4. Fittings that create branches in the piping system: tees, crosses. 5. Fittings used for sealing pipes: gaskets, tape, hemp rope, flange plugs, pipe stoppers, blind flanges, end caps, welded plugs. 6. Fittings used for securing pipes: clamps, hooks, lifting rings, supports, brackets, pipe hangers, etc.

By connection method: 1. Welded fittings. 2. Threaded fittings. 3. Sleeve-type fittings. 4. Band clamp fittings. 5. Socket-and-spigot fittings. 6. Adhesive-bound fittings. 7. Heat-fusion fittings. 8. Flexible heat-fusion fittings. 9. Gasket-connected fittings.

By material: 1. Cast steel fittings: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC. 2. Cast iron fittings. 3. Stainless steel fittings: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H. Low-temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3-WPL6. High-performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70. Materials include cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloys, plastics, PTFE, PVC, PPR, RFPP (reinforced polypropylene), etc. 4. Plastic pipe fittings 5. PVC pipe fittings 6. Rubber pipe fittings 7. Graphite pipe fittings 8. Forged steel pipe fittings 9. PPR pipe fittings 10. Alloy pipe fittings: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP91, 15Mo3, 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV 11. PE pipe fittings 12. ABS pipe fittings. Methods of production include extrusion, pressing, forging, casting, etc. Manufacturing standards can be classified into national standards, electrical standards, shipbuilding standards, chemical standards, water-related standards, American standards, German standards, Japanese standards, Russian standards, and so on. Based on the radius of curvature, they can be divided into long-radius elbows and short-radius elbows. A long-radius elbow is one whose radius of curvature is equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, that is, R=1.5D ； A short-radius elbow refers to one whose radius of curvature is equal to the outer diameter of the pipe, that is, R=1.0D. (D is the diameter of the elbow, R is the radius of curvature). 　 Classified by pressure rating, there are approximately seventeen types, which are the same as those in American pipe standards. These include: Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, STD, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, XS; Sch80, SCH100, Sch120, Sch140, Sch160, XXS. Among them, STD and XS are the most commonly used. Styles and codes: Elbows – Elbows are pipe fittings used to change the direction of pipes.
EL: Elbow
1. Reducing elbow: An elbow with different diameters at its two ends. REL: Reducing elbow
2. Long-radius elbow: An elbow whose bending radius is 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the pipe. ELL (LR) (EL): Long radius elbow
3. Short-radius elbow: An elbow whose bending radius is equal to the nominal diameter of the pipe. ELS (SR) (ES): Short radius elbow
4. 45° elbow: An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 45°.
5. 90° elbow: An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 90°.
6. 180° elbow (U-turn elbow): An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 180°.
7. Seamless elbow: An elbow made from seamless steel pipes.
8. Welded elbow (seamed elbow): An elbow formed by welding steel plates together.
9. Mitre elbow: An elbow shaped like the waist of a shrimp, created by welding triangular pipe segments together. MEL: Mitre elbow.
Bending pipes: Pipes are bent into the desired curvature either at room temperature or under heating conditions. Prefabricated bend, fabricated pipe bend; Cross-over bend; Offset bend; 90° bend, quarter bend; Circular bend; Single offset 90° bend (semi-diamond shape), single offset quarter bend; S-bend; Single offset U-shaped expansion bend, single offset “U”bend; U-bend; Double offset expansion “U”bend; Mitre bend; 3-piece mitre bend; Corrugated bend; Tee – a fitting in T or Y shape that allows connection of pipes coming from three different directions. Equal-diameter tee: a tee with identical diameters. Reducer tees are tees with different diameters. T Tee: A fitting that connects pipes from four different directions, in a cross shape. LT Lateral tee: A tee that connects pipes in a lateral direction. RT Reducing tee: A tee used for reducing the diameter of pipes. 45YS: A tee with equal diameters at 45° angles. 45YR: A tee with different diameters at 45° angles. Four-way fitting: A fitting that allows connection of pipes from four different directions. Cross: a tee with identical diameters at all connections. CRS straight cross: a tee with different diameters at its connections. CRR reducing cross: a tee in which one of the connection ports has a different diameter; reducing cross (reducing on one outlet): a tee in which one of the straight-through ports and one of the connection ports have different diameters; reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet): a tee in which both connection ports have different diameters; reducing cross (reducing on both outlets): a tee in which one of the straight-through ports and both connection ports have different diameters. Reducing pipe (size reducer): a straight pipe fitting with different diameters at its ends. Concentric reducing pipe (concentric size reducer): a pipe with different diameters but overlapping center lines. Eccentric reducing pipe (eccentric size reducer): a pipe with different diameters and one end that is straight, with non-overlapping center lines. R Reducer fitting (size change fitting) – CR Concentric reducer fitting (concentric size change fitting) – ER Eccentric reducer fitting (eccentric size change fitting) – Pipe clamp: A fitting with internal threads or sockets used to connect two pipe sections. Double-threaded pipe clamp: A pipe clamp with threads on both ends. Single-end threaded pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with threads on one end. Double socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with sockets at both ends. Single socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with a socket at one end. Eccentric double socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with sockets at both ends but with different diameters. Reducer threaded hose clamps are hose clamps with internal threads at both ends and different diameters. CPL pipe clamp Coupling FCPL double-end pipe clamp Full coupling HCPL single-end pipe clamp Half coupling RCPL reducing pipe clamp Reducing coupling Double-threaded pipe clamp Full thread coupling Single-threaded pipe clamp Half Cplg half thread coupling Internal and external threaded joint – a pipe fitting with internal threads on one end and external threads on the other, used to connect pipes of different diameters. BU internal and external thread fittings, Bushing HHB hex head, FB flat connection, flexible joint – a fitting that consists of several components and is used to connect pipe sections, facilitating the installation and removal of other pipe fittings and valves on the pipes. The hose connector can quickly connect the hose fittings. UN union fitting, Union HC hose coupler – a straight pipe fitting with external threads. Single-start threaded spool: a spool with external threads on one end. Double-ended threaded spool: a spool with external threads at both ends. Reducer stub: A stub end with different diameters at each end. SE: Swaged stub end. NIP: Pipe nipple or straight nipple. SNIP: Reducer stub. Swaged nipple: NPT = National Pipe Thread = American standard thread. BBE: Bevel on both ends. BLE: Bevel on the large end. BSE: Bevel on the small end. PBE: Plain surfaces on both ends. PLE: Plain surface on the large end. PSE: Plain surface on the small end. POE: Plain surface on one end. TOE: Threaded on one end. TBE: Threaded on both ends. TLE: Threaded on the large end. TSE: Threaded on the small end