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Common welding procedure qualification and welder certification programs include: 1. European standards for welding procedure qualification: ISO15614-1 for welding procedures of steel, nickel, and nickel alloys; ISO15614-2 for welding procedures of aluminum and aluminum alloys; ISO15614-3 for fusion welding procedures of unalloyed and low-alloy cast irons; ISO15614-4 for welding procedures of cast irons; ISO15614-5 for welding procedures of titanium/zirconium and their alloys; ISO15614-6 for welding procedures of copper and copper alloys; ISO15614-7 for welding procedures of surfacing; ISO15614-8 for the specification and verification of welding procedures for metal materials; ISO15614-11 for welding procedures of electron beam/laser welding; EN13134 for friction welding of metal materials; ISO14555 for arc stud welding of metal materials. 2. European standards for welder/operator certificates: ISO9606-1 for qualification tests for welders – Fusion welding – Part 1: Steel; ISO9606-2 for qualification tests for welders – Fusion welding – Part 2: Aluminum and aluminum alloys; ISO9606-3 for qualification tests for welders – Fusion welding – Copper and copper alloys; ISO9606-4 for qualification tests for welders – Fusion welding – Part 4: Nickel and nickel alloys; ISO9606-5 for qualification tests for welders – Fusion welding – Part 5: Titanium and titanium alloys, zirconium and zirconium alloys; ISO14732 for qualification testing of welders – Welders and operators involved in mechanical and automated welding of metal materials; ISO13585 for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators. 3. American welding standards: AWS D1.1 for welding specifications for steel structures; AWS D1.2 for welding specifications for aluminum structures; AWS D1.3 for welding specifications for thin plate structures; AWS D1.5 for welding specifications for bridges; AWS D1.6 for welding specifications for stainless steel structures; AWS D1.9 for welding specifications for titanium structures; AWS B2.1 for specifications for welding procedures and skill assessment; AWS B2.2 for specifications for hard brazing procedures and skill assessment; AWS B2.3 for specifications for soft brazing procedures and skill assessment; AWS D8.1M for automotive welding quality specifications – Resistance spot welding of steel; AWS D9.1 for welding specifications for thin metals; AWS D14.1/14.1M for welding specifications for industrial cranes and other material handling equipment; AWS D14.3/14.3M for welding specifications for earthmoving, construction, and agricultural equipment; AWS D15.1 for welding specifications for vehicles and locomotives; AWS D15.2 for welding specifications for railway vehicles and related track components; AWS D17.1 for welding specifications for aerospace applications; AWS D17.2 for resistance welding specifications for aerospace applications; AWS D17.3 for friction stir welding specifications for aerospace aluminum alloys; AWS C7.4 for laser welding procedures and operator qualification. 4. ASME standards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers: ASME IX for qualification standards for welding, brazing, and fusion welding
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