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Enterprises should promptly carry out production preparation work after the construction of a project begins. The preparation work mainly includes the following items. a) Organizational preparation. Establish an organizational structure for the trial production phase of construction projects, define the persons in charge, relevant departments and staff for this phase, as well as their job responsibilities and standards, and establish comprehensive safety management rules and regulations for the trial production stage ； Define the safety management scope and responsibilities of relevant parties such as the project owner, general contractor, design firm, supervision agency, and construction contractor. b) Personnel preparation. Enterprises should assign personnel according to the designated staffing for the equipment and the requirements of various positions. Before production staff arrive at the site to assist with the commissioning, they must receive training for all those involved in the commissioning process, and only after passing the assessment can they take part in it. c) Technical preparation. It mainly includes reviewing the single-unit commissioning plan, preparing plans for joint commissioning, chemical feeding commissioning, and other commissioning plans ； Prepare production technical documents such as piping and instrumentation diagrams, material balance sheets, operating procedures, process control parameters, and on-site emergency response plans. d) Material preparation. Enterprises should ensure the availability of raw materials, fuels, the three types of agents (catalysts, solvents, additives), chemical reagents, standard reference gases, spare parts, and lubricants required during the trial production phase ； Equipment such as safety, occupational health, fire protection, gas protection, first aid, and communication devices should be provided at the workstations or to individual workers. e) External conditions. Implement various measures related to safety, fire protection, environmental protection, occupational health, earthquake resistance, lightning protection, registration and inspection of special equipment, as well as social emergency rescue forces and public service facilities such as those for fire fighting and medical assistance. Companies should investigate the safety conditions of the environment surrounding the equipment to ensure safety in that area during the trial production phase ； Where the surrounding environment may have a serious impact on the safety of equipment testing, enterprises should report to the local government and relevant departments to take timely corrective actions to eliminate such risks. 4.8.1.2 The enterprise’s production management department should cooperate with the project management team and the construction units to ensure quality control during the project construction, and actively participate in the commissioning of equipment and facilities. 2️⃣ Safe conduct of purging, cleaning, and airtightness (pressure) testing: When carrying out purging, cleaning, and airtightness (pressure) testing, it is necessary to prepare a plan for these tasks, assign responsible persons, organize the work in accordance with that plan, and implement the following safety measures. a) Before carrying out purging and cleaning, the purging and cleaning procedure, the medium used, and the pressure should be confirmed, and a warning area should be established at the discharge outlet. b) Select water, air, or steam to clean and purge the system ； The parameters such as medium, flow rate, velocity, and pressure, as well as the inspection methods, shall meet the requirements of the design and specifications. c) Nitrogen should not be chosen as the purging medium; if its use is necessary, measures to prevent asphyxiation by nitrogen must be established. d) During steam purging, protective measures should be implemented to prevent personnel from being scalded. e) During chemical cleaning, safety measures to prevent harm from chemicals must be implemented, and necessary personal protective equipment should be provided ； Washing waste liquids should be treated before being discharged safely or disposed of in a compliant manner as hazardous waste. f) Before the airtightness test, a blind flange should be used to isolate the system under test from other systems; the maximum pressure level allowed for the airtightness test must be determined clearly, and overpressure is strictly prohibited ； When addressing the issues identified during the airtightness test, the pressure must be released first before taking any action. 3️⃣ Safety during single-unit testing 4.8.3.1 Enterprises should establish a team for single-unit testing to oversee the implementation of safety measures outlined in the testing plan, which primarily includes: a) Completion of all installation work for the single unit ； b) The protection devices, mechanisms, and protection systems for rotating equipment have been installed, and the protection functions have passed the testing ； c) The power system has been checked and confirmed to be in condition for use ； d) Designate a testing area; unauthorized personnel are prohibited from entering ； e) During the single-unit trial run, a dedicated person should be assigned to operate, monitor, and record the process; any abnormalities detected must be addressed immediately. Patented or critical equipment shall be debugged by the supplier. 4.8.3.2 During single-unit testing, it should be carried out in sequence: jog testing, no-load testing, and load-testing. 4️⃣ Intermediate handover 4.8.4.1 Enterprises should assign experienced professionals and operators to carry out the “three inspections and four determinations” process, implement corrective measures, and pay special attention to any missing safety measures or design flaws. 4.8.4.2 An intermediate handover is carried out after the completion of the “three inspections and four determinations,” and the responsibility for comprehensive safety coordination is transferred from the construction unit to the project owner. 5️⃣ For joint commissioning safety, enterprises should coordinate the management of commissioning activities as a whole. During joint commissioning: a) All single-unit tests must be completed ； b) The trial operation plan should be explained on-site; the participants must be familiar with the operating procedures, methods for dealing with abnormalities, as well as safety precautions ； c) The utility systems should be operating stably ； d) It should be confirmed that the process is correct, and that the non-interlocked testing systems connected to it are fully isolated ； e) The instrumentation system shall be fully calibrated, accurate and reliable; the alarm and interlock settings for the instruments shall be established, and the interlock system shall have passed functional testing ； f) Safety facilities, occupational disease prevention facilities, fire protection facilities and gas protection equipment, alarms for toxic, harmful and flammable gases, video surveillance, and the condition of protective facilities shall be in good order ； g) Water and air should be selected as the media for joint commissioning tests ； h) After introducing fuel or asphyxiating gases, signs should be placed in the warning area, and designated personnel should be assigned to conduct regular inspections. 6️⃣ Pre-commissioning safety review 4.8.6.1 Before the official start of production in a new project, a pre-commissioning safety review should be conducted. The preliminary preparations for the safety check before driving mainly include the following items. a) Define the scope of the review. b) Prepare the pre-startup safety checklist and have it approved by the relevant responsible person. c) Establish a pre-driving safety review team and define its responsibilities. The team should consist of the project manager, professionals in areas such as process engineering, equipment, electrical systems, instrumentation, operation, safety, and fire protection, other necessary personnel such as design and technical patent specialists, contractors, and project supervisors, as well as experts with experience in operating similar installations. d) Determine the schedule for the review. 4.8.6.2 The review team shall conduct a pre-commissioning safety review in accordance with the safety review checklist (see A.5), which includes the following: a) the status of rectification for issues identified through the “three inspections and four determinations” process for the project ； b) The installed equipment, pipelines, instruments, and other auxiliary facilities meet the design and installation requirements; special equipment and equipment subject to mandatory inspection has been registered for use as required and is within its valid inspection period, while the safety facilities have been inspected, calibrated, and are in condition for use ； c) Whether the safety information is accurate and complete, and the implementation status of risk control measures ； d) Status of system purging and flushing, airtightness testing, individual unit testing, and joint commissioning ； e) Preparation status of relevant commissioning documents, pilot production plans, operating procedures, management systems, etc ； f) On-site verification to confirm that the processes, equipment, electrical systems, instrumentation, utility systems, and emergency preparedness are ready for material feeding ； g) Whether the changes made comply with change management requirements ； h) Employee training assessment results ； i) Status of emergency plan preparation and drills ； j) Implementation of safety, environmental protection, and occupational health measures, etc. 4.8.6.3 After the on-site inspection is completed, the inspection team shall prepare a pre-commissioning safety inspection report, specifying the corrective actions required, the deadlines for carrying out those actions, and the persons responsible for implementing them, with the corrective actions to be completed prior to commissioning. 7️⃣ Safety for feeding material for commissioning 4.8.7.1 Feeding material for commissioning may only be commenced after a safety review prior to startup confirms that the unit is ready for such operation. 4.8.7.2 During the commissioning process, the enterprise’s responsible persons and relevant technical personnel shall carry out proper supervision, and promptly coordinate the resolution of any issues that arise. 4.8.7.3 The material feeding shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the commissioning plan, and all relevant records shall be kept. 4.8.7.4 Before introducing flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful substances, experienced professionals should be assigned to verify once again that the procedures are correct. 4.8.7.5 In the event of any abnormal conditions during the testing process, the testing must be stopped immediately; testing can resume only after the issues have been resolved. 4.8.7.6 During testing, the enterprise shall control the number of people on site and strictly prohibit unauthorized personnel from entering. 4.8.7.7 The testing site shall be equipped with the necessary emergency supplies and personnel to ensure proper safety supervision during the testing. First operation: The process in which the equipment and facilities are put into production for the first time after the completion of the new plant construction, the process flow is established, and the target product is produced. Safety review before startup: The process of verifying the safety conditions of various elements such as process flows, equipment, instruments, safety facilities, and resources that affect the startup and operation of a production facility, prior to putting it into use. Three inspections and four determinations: Check for missing items in the design (including unreasonable designs), examine the quality of the work and any potential hazards, and assess the amount of work that remains unfinished. For the issues identified, determine the tasks to be carried out, the personnel responsible, the measures to be taken, and the deadline for rectification.