The hydrocracking process utilizes two different types of reactions
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The hydrocracking process utilizes two different types of reactions – hydrorefining and hydrocracking – to produce clean, saturated, high-value-added products. Hydrorefining: Generally refers to the removal of heteroatoms from heteroatom-containing hydrocarbons, such as hydrodemetallization (HDM), hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitration (HDN), and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), as well as the hydrogenation saturation of unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins, aromatics). The hydrorefining reaction is catalyzed by metals on the catalyst, and it is generally faster than the cracking reaction. The initial hydrorefining reactions mainly involved desulfurization, denitration, and olefin saturation. The reaction product is a refined oil with low sulfur and low nitrogen content, along with the formation of H2S and NH3. Reactions that occur simultaneously during the refining process also include deoxygenation, demetallization, dechlorination, and aromatic saturation reactions. All of the above reactions involve the consumption of chemical hydrogen and are exothermic reactions. Hydrocracking: hydroisomerization and cracking (including ring-opening) reactions of hydrocarbons. From a chemical reaction perspective, hydrocracking is a combination of catalytic cracking and hydrogenation reactions, and its reaction mechanism is the carbocation mechanism. Its reactions mainly include the hydrocracking of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. Product features: high saturation, low content of non-hydrocarbon compounds, good stability ； Low content of normal alkanes, good flowability at low temperatures ； The yield of liquid products is high, while the yield of gas products is low.
The hydrocracking process utilizes two different types of reactions: hydrorefining and hydrocracking. Hydrorefining primarily refers to the removal of heteroatoms such as metals, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, through hydrogenation, in order to produce clean, saturated products with high added value. Hydrocracking refers to the hydroisomerization and cracking reactions of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics, which are carried out by combining catalytic cracking reactions with hydrogenation reactions. The products of hydrocracking feature high saturation, low levels of non-hydrocarbon compounds, and good stability. At the same time, they have a low content of n-alkanes, good flowability at low temperatures, a high yield of liquid products, and a low yield of gaseous products. .