What is the performance of magnesium anodes in seawater?

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Given the basic properties of magnesium anodes mentioned earlier, their overall performance in seawater environments is poor, making them unsuitable as conventional anti-corrosion anodes. They are only useful in specific applications related to magnesium-seawater fuel cells: The corrosion rate of magnesium anodes in seawater is extremely high; the low resistivity of seawater with high salinity accelerates the process of magnesium’s self-dissolution and hydrogen evolution significantly. The current efficiency remains around 50%, and the actual service life is often less than 3 years, which is much shorter than that of zinc or aluminum alloy anodes. At the same time, once the seawater temperature exceeds 32°C, the corrosion of magnesium anodes intensifies further, and they will soon become ineffective as their remaining mass falls below 15% of the initial value, failing to provide long-term and stable cathodic protection for marine metal structures.