【Ten Years of Rapid Development in Chemical Processing Equipment】3071=2026: China releases the world’s first comprehensive carbon emission accounting model, addressing the four major challenges of traditional carbon accounting methods

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Let’s give praise and encouragement to the achievements made in China’s chemical engineering technology and equipment; your participation in discussions is the greatest encouragement. **********************【Ten Years of Progress in Chemical Engineering Equipment】Regular updates and summaries are available; feel free to join the discussions: https://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-3576046-1-1.html ***************** On April 8th, the world’s first comprehensive carbon emission accounting system that covers production, consumption, and natural sources – the “Panshi·Yuheng Carbon Accounting Model” version 1.0 – was officially launched in Shanghai. This significant scientific and technological achievement, developed under the leadership of the Shanghai Institute of Advanced Study of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, marks a historic breakthrough for China in the field of global carbon emission accounting, providing new scientific and technological support for addressing climate change. Solving the four key challenges in traditional carbon accounting: Carbon emission accounting serves as an important basis for international climate commitments and is a fundamental prerequisite for formulating carbon pricing policies. Traditional accounting methods have long faced bottlenecks such as high knowledge barriers, difficulties in data processing, long cycles, and low resolution, making it hard to fully reflect the actual situation of global carbon flows. “The “Pan Shi·Yu Heng” large model is built on the “Pan Shi·Scientific Foundation Large Model” independently developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and it features a three-layer support system comprising data, algorithms, and computing power – essentially providing a \"super intelligent system\" for calculating carbon footprints. The data layer integrates eight types of autonomous datasets, enabling frequent updates and integration of data across various industries; a total of 208 TB of carbon-related data has been gathered to date ； The algorithm layer is centered around the self-developed multi-criteria carbon accounting methodology, and it develops intelligent agents for the carbon accounting domain based on large language models to enable multi-agent collaboration ； The computing power layer works in conjunction with external computing centers through high-performance internal server clusters, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of processing large volumes of data. Five intelligent agents enable applications in various scenarios. Currently, the service interface of the “Panshi·Yuheng” model provides dialogue and programming interfaces for large language models with 32 billion parameters as well as intelligent databases; five intelligent agents with specific functions have been developed, which can be used for digital simulation and optimization of industrial processes, calculation of carbon transfers in trade, life cycle assessment, accounting of natural resources, and uncertainty analysis. Among them, the life cycle assessment agent is capable of independently carrying out the comprehensive calculation of a product’s carbon footprint, enabling automated assessment of the carbon footprint across the entire chain, from raw materials to disposal ； Industrial process optimization agents can simulate carbon emissions in production processes in real time, providing data guidance for emission reduction strategies. Reconstructing the global landscape of carbon emissions understanding: Based on this model, the research team has initially developed high-precision country-level carbon holograms. Taking 2022 data as an example, the greenhouse gas emissions of China, the United States, and Japan calculated using this model were adjusted by -17.7%, +15.2%, and +7.2% respectively, compared to the traditional calculation method adopted by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The model also found that the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) leads to a systematic overestimation of the carbon emissions associated with China’s export products, highlighting the importance of having the capability for accurate independent accounting. What’s even more encouraging is that the model accurately calculates China’s global contribution to emission reductions through its green products – in 2024, wind turbines and photovoltaic products exported by China generated only about 2 million tons of carbon emissions during their production phase, yet they contributed around 350 million tons of carbon reduction benefits to the world during their operation phase. The profound meaning behind the name reflects Chinese wisdom. The name “Panshi·Yuheng” carries deep significance: “Panshi” symbolizes a scientific foundation as solid as a rock, while “Yu” is taken from the story of Yu dividing the land into nine regions, highlighting the confidence underlying the Chinese approach ； “\"Heng\" is derived from Yu Heng, the brightest star in the Big Dipper constellation; it aims to serve as a measure of time and space, striving for fairness and justice. The research team made it clear that this work is not a simple attempt to start from scratch; rather, it aims to provide a more comprehensive, scientific, and fair accounting perspective by building on the existing scientific foundation and international consensus established by the IPCC, while taking into account the new needs of global climate governance. Services **Needs and Global Governance: The “Pan Shi·Yu Heng Carbon Accounting Large Model” addresses key **needs while also focusing on the frontiers of global governance. In China, it can provide accurate data support for **the preparation of greenhouse gas inventories, the development of a national carbon emission trading market, and the green transformation of key industrial chains** ； At the international level, it can provide high-quality Chinese data and standards for applications such as global carbon accounting, global carbon markets, and carbon tariff mechanisms. Next, the research team will continue to refine the “Panshi·Yuheng” large model, developing algorithms, data, and reports with independent intellectual property rights, so as to contribute Chinese wisdom to helping the world establish a fairer and more scientific new order for carbon accounting and responsibility allocation.