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This post was last edited by liaifeng on 2018-9-3 09:21. The plan specifies the establishment of 4 new coal-to-oil demonstration projects, with a total production capacity of 6.8 million tons. There are 5 coal-to-gas projects, with a production volume of 18.2 billion cubic meters, which is less than 10% of the annual natural gas consumption. The pilots also each undertake some exploratory tasks. There are 5 projects related to the differentiated utilization of low-grade coal, with numerous pilot projects as well, including those in the chemical industry involving aromatics and similar substances. Overall, coal-based chemical industry is also a future direction and may well be the sector that benefits the most. However, pilot projects for the comprehensive utilization of coal-based chemicals, coal, and oil are not listed. It shall be determined in accordance with other plans. “During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, emphasis was placed on carrying out demonstration projects for five types of approaches, including coal-to-oil, coal-to-natural gas, differentiated utilization of low-grade coal, coal-based chemicals, and comprehensive utilization of coal and oil, as well as on upgrading general technical equipment. Ongoing work was done to conduct engineering calibration and post-evaluation of the projects that were put into operation, with lessons learned continuously summarized in order to promote the further development of the deep processing industry for coal. (1) Coal-to-oil 1. Functional purpose: To enhance the country’s self-sufficiency in oil, to produce ultra-clean petroleum products with low sulfur, low olefin, and low aromatic content, and to supply petroleum products that meet National V and higher standards ； Produce special oils for military and aerospace applications that feature high density, high calorific value, and ultra-low pour points, to meet the needs of national defense construction. 2. Key tasks: Based on a summary of the operational experience of Shenhua Ordos’ 1.08 million tons per year coal direct liquefaction plant (i.e., the first production line), further improve and refine coal direct liquefaction technology; initiate the construction of the second and third production lines; optimize the balance of recycled solvent oils; develop production technologies for ultra-clean gasoline and diesel, as well as special fuels such as military diesel, high-density aviation kerosene, and rocket fuel; utilize naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas to produce chemicals such as aromatics and propylene; enhance the efficient utilization of liquefaction residues; and establish a demonstration project for coal-based integrated energy and chemical industries. Ensure the safe, stable, long-term, efficient, and optimal operation of the 1 million-ton per year coal indirect liquefaction demonstration projects at Yankuang Yulin and Shenhua Ningmei. Develop a new fluidized bed gasification technology with a processing capacity of 3,000–4,000 tons per day, to further improve gasification efficiency and reduce construction costs as well as wastewater emissions. Carry out industrial demonstrations of low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for the production of high-value-added products, as well as high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology, to optimize the product mix and produce more ultra-clean gasoline, as well as high-quality paraffins, solvent oils, α-olefins, premium lubricants and other high-value-added products. Develop new F-T synthesis catalysts to improve the selectivity of target products and simplify the subsequent product processing steps. Strengthen the integration of direct coal liquefaction and indirect coal liquefaction technologies, as well as low-temperature and high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technologies, to leverage their respective advantages, further improve energy efficiency, and reduce costs. 3. Demonstration projects: Priority shall be given to supporting enterprises that have been working for a long time on the research and development as well as industrialization of coal-to-oil technologies in establishing demonstration projects. Priority shall also be given to the development of demonstration projects based on existing large-scale demonstration projects, as well as those that are integrated with adjustments to the traditional coal chemical industry structure. New projects: Build the Lu’an Changzhi, Yitai Ili, Yitai Ordos, and Guizhou Yufu Bijie (Nayong) coal-to-oil demonstration projects, each tasked with corresponding demonstration duties (see Table 2 for details). Reserve projects: follow-up projects for the first phase of Shaanxi Future Yulin coal indirect liquefaction, Yitai Ganquanbao, Ningxia Coal’s second phase, and other coal-to-oil projects. (II) Coal-to-natural gas 1. Functional role: To ensure the secure supply of natural gas delivered via imported pipelines, to address the issue of long-distance transportation of energy from coal-rich regions, and to provide clean fuel for industries, residential use, distributed energy systems (combined heating, cooling, and power generation), and transportation in areas where air pollution control is a priority. This helps replace fuels such as raw coal, low-quality coal, and petroleum coke, thereby reducing emissions of air pollutants. 2. Key tasks: Promote the optimization and improvement of the existing coal-to-natural gas demonstration projects, to achieve continuous, stable, and clean production under high-load conditions. Develop large-scale, environmentally friendly fixed-bed slag gasification technology, and carry out industrial demonstration of gasifiers with a processing capacity of 1,500–2,000 tons per day. Accelerate the application of fixed-bed and fluidized-bed combined gasification technology. Develop a set of methanation process technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and carry out industrial demonstrations on a scale of 1 billion cubic meters per year or more. Develop advanced and efficient technologies for phenol-ammonia recovery, biochemical treatment of phenol-containing wastewater, and treatment of high-salinity water, while enhancing the optimized integration of these individual technologies. Carry out demonstrations of coal-to-natural gas with co-production of oils and chemicals to enhance the flexibility and overall efficiency of project production. Aiming to significantly increase the methane proportion in syngas, efforts are being made to develop and conduct research, testing, and demonstration on multi-stage staged conversion fluidized bed gasification technology and catalytic gasification technology. 3. Demonstration projects. New demonstration projects must undertake the industrial demonstration task of autonomous methanization technology at a single-series production scale. New projects: Build demonstration projects for coal-to-natural gas production in Su New Energy and Feng, Beikong Ordos, Shanxi Datong, Xinjiang Yili, and Anhui Energy Huainan, each undertaking corresponding demonstration tasks (see Table 3 for details). Reserve projects: coal-to-natural gas projects in Zhundong, Xinjiang; western Inner Mongolia (including Tianjin Bohua and Guocu Energy); eastern Inner Mongolia (Xingan League and Yimin); Yulin, Shaanxi; Wu’an Xinfeng; Hubei Energy; Anhui Jingwan Anqing, etc. “During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, strict controls were imposed on adjusting reserve projects to new construction projects, with the volume in Jundong, Xinjiang; western Inner Mongolia; eastern Inner Mongolia; and northern Shaanxi all kept below 4 billion cubic meters per year. (III) Differential utilization of low-rank coal 1. Functional positioning: Differential utilization is applied to coal that formed at a late stage, has a high volatile matter content, and high reactivity; by producing oil products, natural gas, chemicals, and electricity simultaneously, the utility value and economic value of coal are maximized. 2. Key tasks: Develop clean and efficient low-rank coal pyrolysis technologies, overcome the engineering challenges associated with pulverized coal pyrolysis and gas-liquid-solid separation, and carry out industrial demonstrations on a million-ton scale. Research on next-generation technologies for higher oil yields, such as rapid pyrolysis, catalytic (activated) pyrolysis, pressurized pyrolysis, and hydrothermal pyrolysis. Strengthen the organic integration of pyrolysis with gasification and combustion, develop integrated pyrolysis-gasification technologies as well as integrated pyrolysis-combustion technologies, and carry out demonstration projects for the co-production of tar and electricity in conjunction with medium- and low-calorific-value gas turbines or coal-fired boilers that have been adapted for this purpose. Develop separation and conversion technologies to produce aromatics from the light components of coal tar, high-quality aviation kerosene and diesel from the medium components, and special oils from the heavy components, and carry out industrial demonstrations on a million-ton scale. The study focuses on technologies for extracting fine chemical products such as phenols, pyridines, and carbazoles from low- and medium-temperature coal tar – products that are difficult to produce using petroleum. Carry out an industrial demonstration for the hydrogenation of the full fraction of 500,000-tonne-scale medium- and low-temperature coal tar to produce aromatics and naphthenic oils. Carry out industrial trials, demonstrations, and promotion of semi-coke utilization in domestic stoves, industrial furnaces, sintering, blast furnace injection, large-scale fluidized bed and fixed-bed gasification, coal powder boilers, and circulating fluidized bed boilers. Building on individual technological advancements, system optimization and integration are enhanced to carry out industrial demonstrations for the selective utilization of low-grade coal at a scale of tens of millions of tons for combined production of oil, gas, chemicals, and electricity. 3. Demonstration projects – New projects: Establish demonstration projects for the differentiated utilization of low-grade coal at Jingneng Ximeng, Shanxi Coal Chemical Yulin, Yanchang Petroleum Yulin, Shaanxi Longcheng, and Hulunbuir Shengshan, with each project undertaking corresponding demonstration tasks (see Table 4 for details). Reserve projects include: Yuheng Coal-based Oil and Alcohol Co-production by Yanchang Petroleum, Multi-product Production through Differential Utilization of Low-rank Coal in Northern Shanxi by Yangquan Coal Group, Comprehensive Hierarchical Utilization of Coal in Hami by Jingneng, Differential Utilization of Coal in Tacheng by Xinjiang Chang’an Energy Chemical, Multi-product Production via Co-gasification of Coal and Biomass in Shuangyashan by Huaben, and Differential and Hierarchical Utilization of Low-rank Coal by Hunchun Mining. (IV) Coal-based chemicals 1. Functional role: To produce basic chemical raw materials and compounds such as olefins, aromatics, and oxidized substances, thereby addressing the shortage of petrochemical raw materials and reducing the costs of petrochemical products. This helps to create a market structure in which traditional petrochemical industries and coal-based chemical industries complement each other while competing in an orderly manner, thus promoting the healthy development of industries such as organic chemistry and fine chemicals. 2. Key tasks: Optimize and improve the methanol-to-aromatics technology, and carry out industrial demonstrations on a million-ton scale. Develop a new generation of methanol-to-olefins technology, further improve key technologies such as catalysts and reactors, and promote industrial demonstration at the million-ton scale in a timely manner. Develop new coal-based ethylene glycol production technologies to improve product quality and operational stability, and study non-precious metal catalysts as well as larger-scale reactors. Develop technologies for producing high-carbon primary alcohols from syngas, study high-performance catalysts to improve the selectivity of target products, and carry out corresponding pilot tests. Strengthen the fundamental theoretical research on technologies such as the one-step production of olefins and ethanol from syngas, overcome engineering and technical challenges, and promote scale-up and pilot demonstrations. 3. Demonstration projects: Support enterprises and local authorities in carrying out the aforementioned demonstration tasks through large-scale projects implemented in accordance with relevant plans such as the \"Petroleum and Chemical Industry Planning and Layout Plan,\" the \"Modern Coal Chemical Industry Innovation and Development Planning Plan,\" and the \"Petroleum and Chemical Industry Development Plan (2016–2020).\\" (V) Comprehensive utilization of coal and oil 1. Functional positioning: Utilize advanced coal chemical technologies to transform the oil refining process, optimize the processing and utilization of coal and oil resources, and produce high-quality petroleum products with higher efficiency, higher yields, and lower costs. 2. Key tasks: Conduct research on the optimized integration of technologies such as gasification, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and co-processing of oil and coal, as well as refining process technologies; carry out industrial demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of coal and oil by leveraging large-scale refineries. A hydrogen production system centered on gasification is used to save natural gas. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit is constructed as a supporting facility to produce ultra-clean refined oil components; the naphtha rich in straight-chain alkanes produced as a by-product is used as a feedstock for ethylene cracking. A co-processing unit for oil and coal is constructed to hydrogenate the heavy oils and coal in the refinery, producing ultra-clean refined oil components; the high aromatic potential naphtha generated as a by-product is used as a supplementary feedstock for reforming. Poor-quality petroleum coke and residue produced by refineries, as well as liquefied residues from oil-coal co-processing units, are gasified to supplement the syngas supply. Drawing on mature coal-to-oil unit technologies such as hydrodesulfurization and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, industrial demonstration projects for suspension bed and slurry bed hydrogenation technologies suitable for the processing of heavy oils in refineries are being carried out. 3. Demonstration projects: Support enterprises and local authorities in carrying out the aforementioned demonstration tasks by building on existing petrochemical projects, or on petrochemical projects identified in plans such as the \"Petrochemical Industry Planning and Layout Plan\" and specific plans for the oil refining industry. (VI) General technical equipment: Develop online, in-situ rapid coal testing technologies, and create equipment such as large-scale coal grinders, fluidized bed dryers, and condensate water recovery systems, in order to enhance the automation level of the coal preparation system and the stability of coal quality. Develop and demonstrate wastewater treatment technologies such as wastewater pulping, advanced pretreatment, biochemical treatment, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and high-efficiency membrane concentration; technologies for treating high-salinity wastewater such as crystallization and salt separation, as well as salt lake discharge; and technologies for the recycling of crystalline salts. Water pinch technology is employed to optimize the overall system water balance, while efficient water-saving and mist-reduction technologies, closed-loop water systems, and high-efficiency air cooling technologies are demonstrated. Optimize the overall system steam balance and enhance the utilization of low-grade heat energy. Industrial demonstrations of carbon dioxide flooding for oil and gas recovery are carried out in conjunction with the exploitation of large oil and gas fields. Carry out demonstration projects for the autonomous application of general equipment and control systems such as large-scale air compressors, boosters, booster turbine expanders, high-pressure plate heat exchangers, high-pressure liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen pumps, high-pressure solid transfer pumps, high-pressure slurry pumps, and special valves. Utilize syngas and by-product hydrogen from the deep coal processing industry to develop related technologies and equipment for integration with the fuel cell industry.