Regarding hydrorefining, hydroreforming, and hydrocracking
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I’m not quite sure what the differences are between these devices. Could you explain it to me briefly?
In my opinion, these three processes can be ranked from lowest to highest in terms of reaction depth and the degree of hydrogenation of the feedstock as hydrorefining, reforming, and cracking; the reaction temperature and pressure, as well as the catalyst, all increase as the degree of reaction deepens
Here, hydrogenation reforming is also called hydrocracking; I’m not sure why
The introduction to \"Hydroprocessing Processes and Engineering\" clearly states that hydrogenation technology includes two main categories: hydroprocessing and hydrocracking. Hydroprocessing refers to those hydrogenation technologies in which ≤10% of the feedstock molecules become smaller during the hydrogenation reaction. It refers to the hydrogenation refining and hydrogenation treatment technologies in the traditional sense. Examples include: hydrogen desulfurization of catalytic reforming feedstock oil, hydrogen desulfurization of naphtha, hydrogenation of naphtha aromatics, hydrogen treatment of various distillate oils, hydrogen treatment of residue oil, hydrogen-based further refining of lubricating oils, and hydrogen treatment of paraffins and vaseline. Hydrocracking refers to those hydrogenation technologies in which, during the hydrogenation process, more than 10% of the molecules in the feed oil become smaller. It refers to high-pressure hydrocracking, moderate-pressure hydrocracking, and medium-pressure hydrocracking technologies in the traditional sense. For example: hydrocracking of distillate oil, hydrocracking of residue oil, and hydrodewaxing of distillate oil.
Hydrorefining generally focuses on desulfurization, denitration, and demetallization, with a relatively low degree of cracking； Hydrocracking is generally accompanied by a certain degree of cracking; it involves a greater level of cracking than hydrorefining, and it is used to reduce the pour point of diesel or lubricating oils ； Hydrocracking generally uses wax oil as the feedstock, with the highest degree of cracking.