Comparison of technical standards for centrifugal pumps

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Analysis and Comparison of Common Standards for Centrifugal Pumps Abstract: This paper explains and compares the standards commonly used for petroleum and chemical centrifugal pumps, such as API610, ISO5199, ANSIB73.1M/B73.2M, etc., and provides recommendations on how to select these standards in practical production. Keywords: petroleum, chemicals, centrifugal pump, standards. Centrifugal pumps have many advantages such as a wide range of performance capabilities, uniform flow rates, simple structure, reliable operation, and ease of maintenance; therefore, they are widely used in industrial production. According to statistics, in oil and chemical plants, centrifugal pumps account for 70–80% of the total number of pumps in use. Except for using reciprocating pumps at high pressure and low flow rates, metering pumps when measurement is required, vortex pumps or positive displacement pumps (reciprocating pumps or rotor pumps) when the liquid contains gas, and rotor pumps for transporting viscous media, centrifugal pumps are generally used in most other cases. Therefore, it is highly necessary to understand and master the common standards for centrifugal pumps, and to select the appropriate standards based on different installations and operating conditions, so as to ensure that these pumps can operate reliably over long periods of time, safely, and in a energy-efficient manner. 1 Standard specifications: In the petroleum and chemical industries, the most commonly used international standards for centrifugal pumps are API610, ISO5199, and ANSIB73.1M/B73.2M, while the domestic standards are GB3215 and GB5656/T. The following introduces these standards separately. 1.1 API is the abbreviation for the American Petroleum Institute. The API610 standard was published to provide a purchasing specification to facilitate the manufacturing and procurement of centrifugal pumps. API610 (7th edition) was developed for centrifugal pumps used in oil refineries; its standard title is \"Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services\". But in reality, it is not only oil refineries that use the API610 standard; this standard is also frequently applied in industries such as oil, chemicals, and natural gas. To meet this requirement, API610 (8th edition), issued in 1995, was renamed \"Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Chemical, and Gas Industry Services,\" and its content underwent significant changes compared to the previous edition. API610 pays close attention to energy-saving issues. API610 requires manufacturers and users to actively seek innovative energy-saving methods in all stages related to the manufacturing, selection, and operation of equipment. If this energy-saving method can improve efficiency and reduce the total cost over its lifetime without compromising safety or reliability, it should be encouraged. Additionally, the evaluation criteria for selecting equipment should be based on the total cost of the equipment over its lifetime, rather than its purchase cost. Currently, in the oil and chemical industries, API610 is the most widely used international standard for centrifugal pumps. The International Organization for Standardization has also adopted the API610 standard, assigning it the standard number ISO/CD13709. 1.2, ISO5199: ISO is the abbreviation for the International Organization for Standardization. ISO5199 Technical Specification for Centrifugal Pumps, Class II – the technical specification for centrifugal pumps of grade II – is based primarily on Germany’s DIN standards. Its dimensions and performance meet the ISO2858 standards ； The base complies with ISO3661 ； The cavity dimensions for mechanical seals or soft packing comply with ISO3069 ； Performance test Class B complies with ISO3555, and Class C complies with ISO2548. China’s GB5656, Germany’s DIN ISO 5199, and France’s NF ISO 5199 are all equivalent to ISO 5199 ； BS6836 in the UK is equivalently adopted from ISO5199. China’s GB5662, Germany’s DIN24256, the UK’s BS5257, France’s NFE44121 – all are equivalent to or based on ISO2858. 1.3, ASME B73.1M/B73.2M – ASME is the abbreviation for The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME B73.1M–1991 Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process (horizontal axial-inlet chemical process centrifugal pumps) and ASME B73.2M–1991 Specification for Vertical In-line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process (vertical pipeline chemical process centrifugal pumps) are American standards developed jointly by pump manufacturers and chemical processing plants. Pumps that comply with these two standards are referred to as ANSI pumps. The other ASME standards for chemical pumps are: ASME B73.3M–1996 Specification for Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymer Material Horizontal End-Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process (Horizontal axial-inlet centrifugal pumps made of thermoplastic and thermoset polymer materials for use in chemical processes). ASME B73.5M–1995 Specification for Sealless Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process (Horizontal axial-inlet, leak-free chemical process centrifugal pumps). 1.4 The Chinese standard GB3215－89, \"General Technical Requirements for Centrifugal Pumps Used in Refineries, Chemical Industries, and Petrochemical Processes,\" was formulated with reference to API610, version 6. 1.5 The Chinese standard GB5656/T – 94, \"Technical Requirements for Single-Stage, Single-Suction Chemical Centrifugal Pumps,\" was formulated with reference to ISO5199. The relevant standards such as GB5662 \"Designation, performance and dimensions of axial suction centrifugal pumps (16 Bar)\" are based on ISO2858; GB5661 \"Cavity dimensions for mechanical seals and flexible packing in axial suction centrifugal pumps\" is based on ISO3069; and GB5660 \"Base and installation dimensions of axial suction centrifugal pumps\" is based on ISO3661. Hydraulic performance tests are carried out in accordance with Class C or Class B of GB3216 \"Test Methods for Centrifugal Pumps, Mixed-Flow Pumps, Axial Flow Pumps, and Vortex Pumps\" (refer to ISO2548, ISO3555). 2. Standard Comparison 2.1 ISO Pumps and ANSI Pumps Standards such as ISO 5199 (including standards that are equivalent to or refer to it, such as GB/T 5656 in China), as well as ANSI B73.1M/B73.2M, set out basic requirements for the design, manufacturing, inspection, testing, and condition at delivery of centrifugal pumps used in the petroleum and chemical industries for medium and light load applications, along with their driving mechanisms and auxiliary equipment. The scope and requirements of these two types of standards are essentially the same, and the applicable parameter ranges are roughly as follows: (1) Rated discharge pressure ≤ 1.96 MPa(G) ； (2) Medium temperature