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This post was last edited by Refinery Operator on 2015-7-5 08:02. Technical highlights: The iGC surface energy analyzer continues to maintain SMS Company’s position as a world leader in reverse gas chromatography, a field in which it has been a pioneer for 15 years. iGC – Reverse Gas Chromatography – Fundamental Principles. iGC is a gas-phase characterization technique used to determine the surface and volume properties of powders, particles, fibers, films, and semisolids. The experiment involved a series of steam pulses or injection elution from the front through a column filled with the sample to be analyzed. The retention time of the vapor is measured by a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). Different conditions of the steam probe molecules, flow rate, temperature, or chromatography column enable the determination of the surface and volume properties of a wide range of samples. SEA – The next generation of surface energy analyzers (SEA) represents a significant advancement in iGC technology. At the core of SEA Innovation is its unique multi-injection system*; this system generates solvent pulses with maximum precision and range, enabling the creation of isotherms with an unprecedentedly high and low degree of surface coverage for the sample. This determines the accuracy of measuring the surface area with a non-uniform distribution. *Patent pending. Surface energy γ is a fundamental property measured using IGC SEA. For an entity to exist, its molecules must actively combine with one another. It can be seen from this that the molecules on the surface of the object are in a relatively poor state (i.e., they have higher energy), as they are not surrounded by other molecules. Solid surface energy is similar to the surface tension of liquids, and it quantifies the energy of a sample relative to its large surface area. If the solid sample has a high γ value on its surface, the molecules there are in a high-energy state, which makes them suitable to act as bonding agents between molecules. It is these intermolecular forces that give powder particles an attractive force toward other solid surfaces. Therefore, several key solid properties related to surface energy values (dispersion and cohesion) include powder fluidity, agglomeration, barriers to induction processes, adhesion, electrostatic properties, and surface chemistry. SEA simulates the interface between a solid surface and other solid samples by exposing the solid sample to a vapor detector with known properties. This enables them to form intermolecular bonding adhesives, and the analysis of these interactions quantifies the total energy of the sample surface. The surface molecules are in a high-energy state, and most of them form small amounts of adhesive. These surface molecules have different levels of energy, resulting in uneven surface energy. The forces between the surfaces of powder particles **contribute to the physical properties of the powder.** Molecules stick to each other extensively in three-dimensional space, and their reactivity becomes more stable. Phase diagrams: Most materials exhibit heterogeneous activity, meaning that their different regions have different surface energies. Therefore, it is just as important to describe the entire sample surface using a liquid-based approach, rather than simply calculating an average γ value. SEA is the only commercial iGC system that provides a detailed analysis of the multiphase nature of dispersed and polar (acid-base) energies, along with the generation of schematic diagrams. Overview of surface energy multiphase nature (left), distribution of nano-particles and crystalline Ned powder (right). The micronized samples exhibited a wider distribution of surface energy as well as a higher average surface energy. The system software SMS remains the leader in the world in terms of stability, flexibility, and intuitiveness. Through the involvement of a wide range of customers, the incorporation of their feedback, and custom design, SMS makes the operation of adsorption solutions simpler. SEA control software: CIRRUS – Cirrus simplifies complex experiments. The Cirrus experimental method, featuring an intuitive Windows-style user interface, can be flexibly designed, edited, and run in real time. Key features: * Intelligent, wizard-based experiment and sample setup * Measurement of various variables: surface coverage, solvent, temperature, and flow rate * Real-time display of experiment progress * Simple setup; experiment methods can be easily saved and restored * Batch processing for up to 10 methods * Advanced system status diagnostic program. SEA data analysis software: CIRRUS PLUS. Cirrus Plus takes advantage of the experimental flexibility of iGC SEA. Offering comprehensive and user-friendly data analysis, with the ability to generate reports with just a click, Cirrus Plus will help you make the most of iGC data. Optional advanced analysis… The extended capabilities of SEA allow for the calculation of batch properties such as solubility parameters, diffusion coefficients, and Tg values by adding additional analysis modules. Specifications and features: * Isotherm determination/BET/Henry constants * Surface energy analysis * Diagrams showing surface energy dynamics * Measurement of adhesion/cohesion * Measurement of competitive adsorption * Measurement of thermal adsorption/adsorption processes * Acid-base chemical analysis