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The condenser is one of the main heat exchange components in refrigeration equipment; its function is primarily to condense the vapor generated by the superheating of the high-temperature refrigerant into a high-pressure gas. The heat released by the refrigerant is carried away by the cooling medium. If classified by the cooling medium, the installation of condensers in prefabricated cold storage projects is mainly divided into air-cooled and water-cooled types. The casing is a cylinder formed by rolling and welding steel plates; the shell-and-tube condensers used in cold storage installations come in vertical and horizontal types. Vertical shell-and-tube condenser. Porous tube sheets are welded at both ends of the cylinder, and heat transfer tubes are located in the holes to cool the refrigerant. It is characterized by a large structure and high material consumption; it has a low flow rate of the cooling water, which makes scaling likely, and it requires a large amount of cooling water. It is suitable for areas with abundant water sources but poor water quality. The structure of a horizontal shell-and-tube condenser is similar to that of a vertical one; when the refrigerant is ammonia, the heat transfer tubes are made of seamless steel pipes, while when the refrigerant is Freon, the heat transfer tubes are made of copper tubes with low fins. Horizontal shell-and-tube condensers have a high heat transfer coefficient and require less cooling water, but they have high requirements regarding water quality. Air-cooled condenser: In an air-cooled condenser, the heat from the refrigerant is carried away by air. Suitable for applications with low cooling loads, and is used only in small refrigeration systems for cold storage. Water-cooled condenser: The heat released by the refrigerant in mobile cold storage compressors is removed by cooling water; it is widely used in ammonia and Freon refrigeration systems for large, medium, and small cold stores. There are many types of water-cooled condensers; based on their shape, they include shell-and-tube type, tube-in-shell type, and plate type, among others. The so-called sleeve type involves fitting one or several copper tubes with smaller diameters (smooth tubes or tubes with low ribs), which are then bent into a circular or U-shaped spiral shape according to the requirements of the unit’s setup. The refrigerant vapor enters the outer tube from the top; it is a tubular condenser used for cooling prefabricated cold storage: located within a steel or copper tube of larger diameter. The condensate flows out from the lower part of the outer tube, while the cooling water enters the inner tube from below, flowing in the opposite direction to the refrigerant. It absorbs the heat from the refrigerant vapor along its path, before flowing out from the upper part. This type of condenser, used in refrigeration units, is commonly applied in mobile refrigeration units with a cooling load of less than 40 kW, as well as in small refrigeration systems using Freon.