What are the harms of nitrogen oxides to the human body?

It mainly includes nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and *ao acid mist, with nitrogen dioxide being the predominant component. Nitric oxide is an inert gas that is colorless and has no irritating odor; it can be oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is a brownish-red gas with a pungent odor. Harm: Nitrogen oxides can irritate the lungs, making it harder for people to resist respiratory diseases such as colds. People with respiratory problems, such as those with asthma, are more susceptible to the effects of nitrogen dioxide. For children, nitrogen oxides can cause impaired lung development. Studies suggest that long-term exposure to nitrogen oxides may lead to changes in lung structure, but it has not yet been determined what level of nitrogen oxides or how long of exposure is required to cause such effects. Nitrogen oxides, primarily nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, are an important cause of photochemical smog and acid rain.

Nitrogen oxides cause mild irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract mucosa, and mainly penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, reaching the bronchioles and alveoli. When nitrogen oxides enter the alveoli, the reaction accelerates due to the increased surface humidity in those alveoli; approximately 80% of them can be retained within the alveoli, with part of them converting into dinitrogen tetroxide. Both dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide can react with the moisture in the respiratory mucosa to produce nitrous acid and hydrogen nitrite, which exert a strong irritating and corrosive effect on lung tissue. This increases the permeability of capillaries and alveolar walls, leading to pulmonary edema. Once in the blood, ferrous salts can also cause vasodilation and a drop in blood pressure; they can also react with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, leading to tissue hypoxia. High concentrations of nitric oxide can also convert oxygen and hemoglobin in the blood into methemoglobin, leading to tissue hypoxia. Therefore, under normal circumstances when pollution is mainly composed of nitrogen dioxide, the damage to the lungs is relatively significant, and in severe cases, conditions characterized by pulmonary edema may occur. When there is a high concentration of nitric oxide in the mixed gas, the formation of methemoglobin becomes predominant; at this point, the poisoning progresses rapidly, leading to methemoglobinemia and symptoms of central nervous system damage. When the nitric oxide level is above 100×10-6, it can be fatal to humans and animals within a few minutes; inhaling nitrogen dioxide at a concentration of 5×10-6 can damage the respiratory system within a few minutes as well. Nitrogen oxides are even more harmful due to their role in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain.

What are the harms of nitrogen oxides to the human body? Nitrogen oxides primarily affect the bronchioles and alveoli that are located deep within the respiratory tract; there, they react with the moisture in the respiratory mucosa to form nitrous acid and nitric acid. These substances have a strong irritating and corrosive effect on lung tissue, thereby increasing the permeability of capillaries and alveolar walls and leading to pulmonary edema. Once in the blood, ferrous salts can also cause vasodilation and a drop in blood pressure; they can also react with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, leading to tissue hypoxia. Methemoglobinemia and symptoms of central nervous system damage occurred.

It causes severe damage to the human heart, lungs, eyes, nose, and blood-forming organs, and it also poses some hazards to animals and plants