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The levels of leadership positions are divided into: **level principal positions, **level deputy positions, provincial-ministerial level principal positions, provincial-ministerial level deputy positions, departmental bureau level principal positions, departmental bureau level deputy positions, county-district level principal positions, county-district level deputy positions, township-section level principal positions, and township-section level deputy positions. Non-leadership positions are established at levels below the departmental and bureau level. Non-leadership positions in the field of comprehensive management include: inspector, deputy inspector, researcher, deputy researcher, chief clerk, deputy chief clerk, clerk, and assistant clerk. 1. **Top-level positions:** Central Committee member, President, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, Premier of the State Council, Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Vice Chairmen, and members of the Central Committee. 2. **Deputy senior positions:** Member of the Central Committee, alternate member of the Central Committee; Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; Secretary of the Central Secretariat; Vice Chairman of the National People’s Congress; Vice Premier of the State Council; State Councillor; President of the Supreme People’s Court; Prosecutor General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate; Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. 3. Officials at the provincial-ministerial level: Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; heads of various departments, agencies, and institutions under the Central Committee, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (including those holding positions designated as deputy positions under special regulations); heads of various people’s organizations (with party leadership groups); heads of the Party committees, people’s congresses, governments, and political consultative conferences of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (including those holding positions designated as deputy positions under special regulations); as well as heads of enterprises at the ministerial level. Senior officials from various ministries and commissions of the State Council (such as the Minister of Education, the Director of the National Development and Reform Commission); senior officials from provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (such as the Governor of Jiangsu Province, the Mayor of Tianjin Municipality); military officers at the army level (such as the commander of the Jiangsu Military Region, the commander of the 12th Army). 4. Officials at the vice-provincial level (deputy ministerial level): leaders holding deputy positions in various departments, agencies, and institutions under the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Central Committee of the Communist Party, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (members of the party leadership groups), as well as heads of deputy ministerial-level agencies (party leadership groups); deputy leaders of various people’s organizations (party leadership groups); deputy leaders of the party committees, people’s congresses, and political consultative conferences in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (such as deputy governors, vice mayors); heads of the party committees, people’s congresses, and political consultative conferences in cities at the vice-provincial level (such as the Mayor of Nanjing City); deputy leaders of enterprises at the ministerial level; leaders of enterprises at the deputy ministerial level; heads of party and administrative bodies in universities at the deputy ministerial level. Deputy officials of various ministries and commissions under the State Council (such as the deputy head of the Ministry of Public Security, the deputy director of the General Administration of Sport); senior officials in bureaus under the jurisdiction of these ministries and commissions (such as the director of the General Administration of Cultural Heritage); deputy military rank officials in the armed forces (such as the deputy commander of the Zhejiang Provincial Military Command, the deputy commander of the 31st Army). 5. Officials at the departmental level (at the prefecture-level): senior officials in departments and bureaus affiliated with the Central Committee, the National People’s Congress, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference; deputy positions in the sub-ministerial agencies (party leadership groups) of the Central Committee, the National People’s Congress, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. The heads of the directly affiliated agencies and public institutions of the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the deputy leaders of the Party committees (deputy secretaries, **), people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in sub-provincial cities; and the secretaries of the discipline inspection commissions. (The vice mayor of Ningbo, for example) The top leaders of the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various cities (with districts), (the mayor of Wuxi, for example) the deputy leaders of state-owned enterprises at the vice-ministerial level and the top leaders of enterprises at the departmental level, as well as the top Party and administrative leaders of provincial universities. Senior officials include: the heads of various departments in the State Council (such as the head of the Department of Social Science Research and Ideological and Political Work in the Ministry of Education); the heads of various departments in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (such as the head of the Transportation Department in Hebei Province, or the head of the Finance Bureau in Beijing); and officers at the division level within the military (such as the head of the logistics department of the 1st Army, or the political commissar of the 34th Division). 6. Officials at the deputy department level: These are the deputy heads of various departments and offices under the Central Committee, the National People’s Congress, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, as well as those in the agencies and institutions directly under the provincial, autonomous region, and municipal party committees, people’s congresses, governments, and political consultative conferences; they also include officials holding positions at the deputy department level. (Vice Directors of departments such as the Department of Construction of Heilongjiang Province, or Vice Directors of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Culture.) Heads of subordinate agencies of the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in cities at the vice-provincial level (such as the Director of the Nanjing Education Bureau or the Mayor of Jiangning District), as well as Vice Mayors of cities. Deputy positions within the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of various cities (those with districts), as well as Secretaries of the Discipline Inspection Commissions. Heads of state-owned enterprises at the vice-departmental level, and deputy leaders of enterprises at the departmental level. Deputy positions within the party and administrative bodies of provincial universities, as well as heads of junior colleges. Deputy officials in various ministries and commissions of the State Council (such as the deputy director of the Department for Talent Mobility and Development in the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security); deputy division-level officials in military units (such as the deputy political commissar of the 35th Division or the commander of the 179th Brigade). 7. Section-level officials (county or regiment-level officials): heads of various sections within the directly affiliated agencies and public institutions of the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Deputy positions in the subordinate agencies of the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of sub-provincial cities (such as the deputy director of the Health Bureau in Shenyang or the deputy head of Pukou District). Principal positions in the subordinate units of the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of various cities (with districts) (such as the director of the Labor Bureau in Yangzhou or the head of Binhai County). Principal positions in the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of various counties and cities. Principals of state-owned enterprises at the county level. Leaders of departments and sections in provincial universities. Principal officials in the departments under various ministries of the State Council (such as the head of the Economic Crops Section in the Department of Crop Production Management of the Ministry of Agriculture). Principal officials in the departments under various ministries and bureaus in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (such as the head of the Rural Science and Technology Section in the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology). Senior regimental-level officers in the military (such as the political commissar of a regiment). 8. Deputy section-level officials: Deputy positions in the departments subordinate to the directly affiliated agencies and public institutions of the party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. (Such as the deputy director of the Personnel Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education) Deputy positions in various municipal (districted) Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences, as well as the heads of departments at the deputy department level. (Such as the head of the Science and Technology Achievements Department of the Nanjing Science and Technology Bureau, or the director of the Xuanwu District Health Bureau.) Deputy heads of the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various counties and cities, as well as secretaries of the discipline inspection commissions (such as the deputy director of the Zhenjiang Civil Affairs Bureau, or the deputy mayor of Zhangjiagang City). Deputy heads of state-owned enterprises at the county-level, as well as heads of enterprises at the deputy county-level. Full-time position in a municipal middle school. Deputy-level officials in various departments under the ministries of the State Council (such as the deputy head of the Epidemic Prevention Department in the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture); deputy regimental-level officials in military units (such as the chief of staff of Regiment 105). 9. Officials at the full and deputy township level are not included here. Heads and deputies of departments within the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various cities (with districts). Heads and deputies of departments within the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences in various cities (with districts), as well as those within the Party committees, people’s congresses, **, and political consultative conferences of various counties and towns. Heads and deputies of Party committees in various townships and **. Heads and deputies of state-owned enterprises at the department level. Principal of a key middle school under the county administration. 10. Note: In institutions such as universities, research institutes, and hospitals, their officials at various levels enjoy benefits equivalent to those of officials at corresponding levels**, but they do not hold administrative ranks and are not part of the civil service establishment. If such officials belong to the party committee at the next higher level, their administrative rank is elevated by one level. For example, the mayor of Zhangjiagang is a cadre at the department level, while if they are from the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee, they are cadres at the deputy department level. As a rule, senior cadres tend to be transferred to serve in leadership positions in the local people’s congresses or political consultative conferences at corresponding levels after the age of 60 or 65; this is commonly referred to as \"retiring to the back line\". Cadres at the provincial level are roughly equivalent to the governors and provincial administrative officials in the Qing dynasty, holding the second rank. Cadres at the sub-provincial level are roughly equivalent to the inspection commissioners in the Qing dynasty, holding the third rank. Cadres at the departmental level are roughly equivalent to the local prefects in the Qing dynasty, holding the fourth rank. Cadres at the sub-departmental level are roughly equivalent to the deputy prefects in the Qing dynasty, holding the fifth rank. Cadres at the section level are roughly equivalent to the county magistrates in the Qing dynasty, holding the seventh rank. Cadres at the sub-section level are roughly equivalent to the deputy county magistrates in the Qing dynasty, holding the eighth rank