Classic safety training is like a revelation
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This post was last edited by yinkuilin6868 on 2015-11-23 at 13:31. I. Safety is also a form of productivity. According to statistics, the losses caused by work safety accidents in our country account for about 2.5% of GNP. This is equivalent to losing two Three Gorges Projects per year. The safe return on investment is approximately 1:6; in other words, for every 1 yuan invested in safe production, 6 yuan worth of losses can be avoided. The multiplier factor for the direct and indirect losses caused by safety accidents is: 1:4 to 1:＞100. The pyramid model of safety benefits is: adding 1 point of safety during system design = 10 times greater safety during manufacturing = 1,000 times greater safety during application. That’s why safety is also a form of productivity. Our research concludes that, from an economic perspective alone, the contribution of safe production to enterprises is 1.5–7%. II. Six major changes in China’s concept of safety: Fatalism has given way to essentialism; accidents do not occur as a matter of fate, but rather due to certain inherent safety deficiencies. The revolutionary spirit has evolved into a scientific spirit; one must not act recklessly in the name of promoting the revolutionary spirit. Property protection has now taken a backseat to the protection of human lives. Previously, in case of accidents, employees were expected to risk their lives to protect **property; now, people come first, and ensuring the safety of employees is given top priority. Common safety knowledge has evolved into safety science; merely imparting common safety knowledge is far from sufficient to ensure safe production. Sensitive security has evolved into a focus on the value of security, with the value of security far exceeding its cost. The purely economic perspective has given way to a comprehensive one; when it comes to safety, considerations are no longer limited to purely economic factors. III. Several basic principles of safe production. There is a principle in safe production known as the “Murphy’s Law.” “Murphy’s Law states that whatever can go wrong will go wrong. Any sense of luck is not advisable; eliminating the possibility of accidents is the effective way to prevent them. There is also a rule in safety production known as the “Hahn’s Rule” – 1:29:300:1000. What does that mean? In other words, one fatality or serious injury accident occurs on top of 29 minor accidents ； The 29 minor accidents occurred on the basis of 300 near-misses ； 300 near-misses are caused by 1,000 potential hazards. Therefore, hidden dangers are a major threat; by identifying and eliminating them, you can achieve success. For the “unlikely” accidents, we must make “great” efforts. Avoiding red lights a thousand times less could mean living an extra year. Regarding investments and measures for safety, “It seems like a loss, but actually it isn’t.” ”In the short term, it’s a loss, but in the long run, you’ll make a big profit. For example, civil aviation is a high-risk industry. There was a Civil Aviation Administrator who served for 10 years before just one plane crashed. As soon as the new director took office, he proposed to make a major effort to improve efficiency – so what was the result? I’ve been working for 10 years; I’ve lost 5 planes. It is evident that a company’s development strategy has a fundamental impact on security. Running a business necessarily involves safety costs. Cost is not as important as value; efficiency is not as important as effectiveness. Impacting efficiency does not necessarily affect effectiveness. Safety enhances a company’s competitiveness; don’t always view it as a burden that must be borne. People say this is the foundation and that’s the foundation, but for corporate security, the quality of team leaders is the very foundation of foundations. For example, in a drilling team, the oil wells, the equipment, and the employees – all three aspects depend on the team leaders. How can we neglect improving the quality of these team leaders? Is it reasonable not to provide team leaders with appropriate compensation? According to the survey, only about 30% of people who fly take out insurance in case of a plane crash ； As soon as an airplane accident occurs, the proportion of people who buy insurance rises to around 70%. In fact, this phenomenon indicates that most people do not understand the principles of safe production; accidents are the driving force behind safety. After missing a flight, it is safest to take another one, as that is when airlines pay the most close attention to safety. When it comes to safety accidents, the behavior of most companies follows two rules. One is the “four-corner rule”. For example, a table worth one thousand yuan. Now, an accident has occurred: one of the four corners of the table has been burned off. When reporting the losses, companies often state that the value of the table is only one-fourth of its original value—that is, 250 yuan. But isn’t a table with one corner missing rendered useless? The loss should be reported as one thousand. One is the “99 rule”. It means roughly the same as the “four-corner rule”; companies always try to downplay the losses caused by accidents. For example, even though the actual loss is 100 yuan, it’s better to underreport it by just 1 yuan and report it as 99 yuan. IV. The Theory of the Value of Safe Production The value of safe production includes social value, corporate value, and individual value. Safety is the greatest benefit for corporate employees. Violations of rules are immoral; they’re no different from murder for financial gain. What is an accident? Even a fool knows that. In a sense, all safety accidents are man-made; aren’t the factors related to ‘objects’ indirectly caused by human actions? But why do accidents happen? Many people don’t know. An accident is the abnormal release of energy. Therefore, all preventive measures must be considered in terms of energy. We often mention intrinsic safety. Intrinsic safety refers not only to the intrinsic safety of “things” such as equipment and production conditions, but also to the intrinsic safety of “people”. “The intrinsic safety of a person includes his safety knowledge, safety skills, safety awareness, safety attitude, and safety emotions. Xun Kuang, a thinker from the Warring States period, said: “To prevent something before it happens is called prevention; to stop it once it has started is called remedy; to hold people accountable after they have acted is called admonition.” ”Prevention, rescue, and caution are the true keys to ensuring safe production; however, prevention is the best approach, rescue is the middle option, and caution is the least effective one. ”Contemplation is the wisest method of learning; imitation is the easiest method of learning; experience is the most painful method of learning. Safety is relative; danger is objective; accidents can be prevented. Safety is both a means and an end. Safety is the “1”; positions, houses, cars, money, wives, sons… are all the “0s” that follow the “1”. Without a “1”, a “0” is meaningless ； With a “1”, “0” is valuable to you. Of course, it’s not enough to have only a “1” without a “0”.
The value of work safety; very theoretical material
The safety article is written excellently; this is exactly the kind of article we need. .
After reading it, one is left with many thoughts to ponder, especially when Xun Kuang said: “To prevent something before it happens is called prevention; to stop it once it has started is called remedy; to hold someone accountable after they have acted is called admonition.” ”Prevention, rescue, and caution are the true keys to ensuring safe production; however, prevention is the best approach, rescue is the middle option, and caution is the least effective one. ”This sentence can be applied to anything
Abroad, security departments are referred to as loss reduction departments; without management, there are losses, while with proper management, those losses are reduced
Safety education is a good measure; all production personnel need to learn and receive training.
Safety training and requirements for inserting rows: The **standard** regulations, namely Order No. 3 issued by the State Administration of Work Safety, titled \"Regulations on Safety Training for Production and Business Operations Units\", were approved at the meeting of the bureau’s directorial office on December 28, 2005; they are now hereby promulgated and shall come into effect as of March 1, 2006. Director Li Yizhong, January 17, 2006. Regulations on Safety Training for Production and Business Operations Units (Issued by the State Administration of Work Safety under Order No. 3 on January 17, 2006; amended for the first time by Order No. 63 of the State Administration of Work Safety on August 29, 2013; and amended for the second time by Order No. 80 of the State Administration of Work Safety on May 29, 2015). Chapter I: General Provisions Article 1: These regulations are formulated in order to strengthen and standardize safety training for production and business operation units, improve the safety competence of employees, prevent casualties, and reduce occupational hazards, in accordance with the Work Safety Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations. Article 2 These provisions apply to the safety training of employees in industrial, mining, commercial, and trade production and operation entities (hereinafter referred to as production and operation entities). Article 3: Production and business operation entities are responsible for the safety training of their employees. Production and business operations entities shall establish and improve a safety training work system in accordance with the Work Safety Law, relevant laws, administrative regulations, and these provisions. Article 4: The employees who shall receive safety training in production and business operations include the principal responsible persons, safety production management personnel, special operation personnel, and other employees. Where a production or business operation entity employs dispatched workers, it shall incorporate such workers into the unified management of its own employees, and provide them with education and training on the safety procedures and skills required for performing their tasks. Labor dispatch agencies shall provide necessary work safety education and training to dispatched workers. When a production or business entity accepts students from secondary vocational schools or higher education institutions for internships, it shall provide them with appropriate safety production education and training, as well as necessary personal protective equipment. Schools should assist production and business entities in providing safety production education and training to students. Employees of production and business entities shall receive safety training, become familiar with relevant safety production regulations and safety operating procedures, possess the necessary knowledge in safety production, master the safety operating skills for their respective positions, understand emergency response measures in case of accidents, and be aware of their rights and obligations regarding safety production. Employees who have not completed safety training shall not be allowed to work. Article 5 **The State Administration of Work Safety guides safety training efforts nationwide and, in accordance with the law, supervises and manages such training activities across the country. The relevant competent departments of the State Council shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, guide and supervise safety training in their respective sectors, and formulate implementation measures in line with these provisions. **The Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau guides and supervises the safety training work for coal mines nationwide. Work safety supervision and management departments at all levels and coal mine safety inspection agencies (hereinafter referred to as work safety supervision and inspection departments) shall, in accordance with their respective duties, supervise and manage the safety training activities of production and business operations entities in accordance with the law. Chapter 2 Safety Training for Key Personnel and Safety Production Managers Article 6 The key personnel of production and business operations entities, as well as their safety production managers, shall receive safety training to acquire the safety production knowledge and management skills necessary for the production and business activities they are engaged in. Article 7 The safety training for the principal persons in charge of production and business operations shall include the following contents: (1) **Safety production policies and guidelines, as well as relevant laws, regulations, rules and standards regarding safety production ； (II) Basic knowledge of work safety management, work safety technologies, and specialized knowledge in work safety ； (III) Provisions regarding the management of major hazard sources, prevention of major accidents, emergency management and rescue organization, as well as accident investigation and handling ； (IV) Occupational hazards and preventive measures ； (V) Advanced domestic and international experiences in work safety management ； (VI) Analysis of typical accident and emergency rescue cases ； (7) Other content that requires training. Article 8 The safety training for safety management personnel in production and business operations shall include the following contents: (1) **Safety production policies and guidelines, as well as relevant laws, regulations, rules and standards regarding safety production ； (II) Knowledge of work safety management, work safety technology, occupational health, etc ； (III) Methods for statistics, reporting of injuries and fatalities, as well as investigation and handling of occupational hazards ； (IV) Contents and requirements for emergency management, preparation of emergency plans, and emergency response ； (V) Advanced domestic and international experiences in work safety management ； (VI) Analysis of typical accident and emergency rescue cases ； (7) Other content that requires training. Article 9: The initial safety training for the principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of production and business operations entities shall cover no less than 32 class hours. The annual retraining time must be no less than 12 class hours. The principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of production and operation units such as coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, and metal smelting must complete at least 48 hours of initial safety training, and at least 16 hours of further training each year. Article 10: The safety training for the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of production and business operations must be carried out in accordance with the safety training syllabus established by the safety supervision and inspection authorities. The safety training outlines and assessment standards for the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of production and operation units in non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, metal smelting, etc., are uniformly established by the **State Administration of Work Safety. The safety training syllabus and assessment criteria for the main persons in charge of coal mines and safety production managers are formulated by the **Coal Mine Safety Inspection Bureau. The safety training outlines and assessment standards for the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, and other production and business entities other than those involved in metal smelting are established by the work safety supervision and management departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Chapter 3 Safety Training for Other Employees Article 11 Production and operation units such as coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemical industries, fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing, and metal smelting must provide mandatory safety training for newly hired temporary workers, contract workers, labor contractors, rotating workers, and workers under agreement. Only after ensuring that they possess the knowledge and skills necessary for safe operation in their respective positions, as well as for self-rescue, mutual rescue, and emergency response, can they be assigned to work. Article 12: Other employees in production units such as processing and manufacturing industries must receive safety training at three levels—the factory (mine), the workshop (section, area, team), and the work group—before taking up their posts. Production and business operations entities shall provide safety training to other employees in accordance with the nature of their work, to ensure that they possess the knowledge and skills necessary for safe operation and emergency response in their respective positions. Article 13: For new employees joining production and business units, the pre-job safety training shall last no less than 24 hours. For new employees in production and operation units such as coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemical industries, fireworks and firecrackers industries, and metal smelting industries, the safety training duration must be no less than 72 hours; additional training each year must cover at least 20 hours. Article 14 The content of pre-job safety training at the factory (mine) level shall include: (1) The unit’s safety production situation and basic knowledge of safety production ； (II) The unit’s safety production regulations and labor discipline ； (III) Rights and obligations of employees regarding work safety ； (IV) Relevant accident cases, etc. In addition to the aforementioned contents, the factory/mining-site-level safety training for production and operation units in the coal mining, non-coal mining, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, metal smelting, and other sectors should also include elements such as emergency response to accidents, drills for accident emergency plans, and preventive measures. Article 15: The content of pre-job safety training at the workshop (section, area, team) level shall include: (1) The working environment and hazard factors ； (II) Potential occupational injuries and accidents related to the type of work performed ； (III) Safety responsibilities, operational skills, and mandatory standards for the type of work being performed ； (IV) Self-rescue and mutual rescue, first aid methods, evacuation, and handling of emergency situations on site ； (5) Use and maintenance of safety equipment and facilities, as well as personal protective equipment ； (VI) Safety production conditions and rules and regulations of this workshop (section, area, team) ； ( VII) Measures to prevent accidents and occupational hazards, as well as safety precautions to be observed ； (8) Relevant accident cases ； (IX) Other content requiring training. Article 16 The content of pre-job safety training at the team level shall include: (1) Safety operating procedures for the position ； (II) Safety and occupational health aspects related to the coordination of work between different positions ； (III) Relevant accident cases ； (IV) Other content that requires training. Article 17: When employees change their job positions within their own production and operation unit, or return to work after being away for more than one year, they must undergo safety training at the workshop (section, area, team) and team levels once again. When production and operation units adopt new processes, technologies, materials, or use new equipment, they shall provide targeted safety training to the relevant employees again. Article 18: Special operation personnel in production and business units must receive specialized safety training in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. Only after passing the assessment and obtaining a special operation qualification certificate may they proceed to carry out their work. The scope of special operation personnel, as well as the rules for training and assessment, shall be stipulated separately. Chapter 4 Organization and Implementation of Safety Training Article 19 The safety training for employees of production and business entities shall be organized and implemented by such entities. Production and operation units should emphasize learning through examinations and lectures to ensure that all employees have a thorough grasp of the safety knowledge and skills required for their jobs ； Production and operation units in the coal mining, non-coal mining, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, metal smelting, and other sectors should also improve and implement the mentor-apprentice system. Article 20 Production and business entities that meet the conditions for safety training shall primarily carry out training on their own ； It is possible to entrust institutions with the necessary safety training capabilities to provide safety training for employees. Production and business units that do not have the facilities for safety training shall entrust institutions with such facilities to provide safety training for their employees. If a production or business entity entrusts another organization to conduct safety training, the responsibility for ensuring such training remains with that entity itself. Article 21: Production and business operation entities shall include safety training in their annual work plans. Ensure the funding required for the safety training activities of this unit. The person in charge of the production and operation entity is responsible for organizing the formulation and implementation of the entity’s safety training plan. Article 22: Production and business operation entities shall establish and maintain records of safety production education and training for their employees. The entity’s safety production management department and safety production managers shall keep detailed and accurate records of the timing, content, participants, and assessment results of such training. Article 23: During the period when a production or business operation entity arranges safety training for its employees, it shall pay their wages and cover any necessary expenses. Chapter 5 Supervision and Management Article 24 The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, metal smelting and other production and business operations entities must pass an assessment of their safety production knowledge and management capabilities by the safety production supervision and inspection authorities within 6 months from the date of assuming their positions. Article 25: The safety production supervision and inspection authorities shall, in accordance with the law, supervise and inspect the safety training conducted by production and business operations entities, and urge such entities to carry out safety training in compliance with **relevant laws, regulations, and these provisions. The departments responsible for the supervision and management of safe coal mining production at the local people’s government level at or above the county level conduct inspections and supervision on the safety training provided to workers working underground in coal mines. Coal mine safety supervision agencies conduct inspections and supervision over the safety training of special workers in coal mines and their compliance with requirements to work holding relevant certificates. Article 26: Safety production supervision and inspection departments at all levels shall conduct inspections and supervision on the safety training provided to production and business entities as well as the compliance with requirements regarding working with certificates, which mainly include the following aspects: (1) The establishment of safety training systems and plans, as well as their implementation ； (II) The situation regarding safety training for the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of production and operation units such as coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, and metal smelting, as well as assessments of their knowledge of safety production and their management capabilities ； Training status of the principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel in other production and business entities ； (III) Situation of special operation personnel working with valid operation qualification certificates ； (IV) Establishing records for safety production education and training, and accurately documenting relevant information ； (5) Conducting on-site random tests of safety production knowledge related to their job for the employees; (6) Other items that require inspection. Article 27 The work safety supervision and inspection departments shall conduct strict assessments of the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of production and business entities such as coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, and metal smelting, in accordance with these provisions. No fees shall be charged for the assessment. The personnel responsible for assessment under the work safety supervision and inspection authorities shall not neglect their duties or abuse their powers. Article 28: If, during inspections conducted by the departments responsible for supervising work safety, it is found that the responsibilities regarding work safety education and training have not been properly fulfilled, or that relevant employees have not received the necessary training, this shall be regarded as a potential hazard leading to work safety accidents. The entity responsible for production and operation shall be ordered to cease such illegal activities immediately, make corrections within a specified time frame, and be subject to penalties in accordance with the law. Chapter 6 Penalties Article 29 If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, the work safety supervision and inspection department shall order it to make corrections within a specified time limit, and may impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan: (1) Failing to include safety training in the entity’s work plan and failing to provide the funds necessary for such training ； (II) Failing to pay wages to employees during safety training and bearing the costs of such training. Article 30: If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, the work safety supervision and inspection department shall order it to make corrections within a specified time limit, and may impose a fine of up to 50,000 yuan ； If the violations are not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed; in addition, fines of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable: (1) When the principal persons in charge and safety management personnel of coal mines, non-coal mines, **chemicals, fireworks and firecrackers, metal smelting, and other production and operation entities fail to pass the required assessments ； (II) Failing to provide safety production education and training to employees, dispatched workers, and interns in accordance with regulations, or failing to inform them accurately of matters related to safety production ； (III) Failing to accurately record the situation regarding safety production education and training ； (IV) Special operation personnel who engage in work without having received the required specialized safety training and obtained the corresponding operation qualification certificates. The departments responsible for supervising and managing coal mine safety production at the local people’s government level at or above the county level shall, if they find that a coal mine has failed to provide safety training for workers working underground in accordance with these regulations, order it to make corrections within a specified time limit and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. If the coal mine safety supervision agency discovers that special workers in coal mines are working without the required licenses, it shall order them to make corrections within a specified time limit and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. Article 31: If relevant personnel in the work safety supervision and inspection departments neglect their duties or abuse their powers during assessment and certification processes, they shall be given administrative sanctions of reprimand or severe reprimand by the higher-level work safety supervision and inspection department or the administrative supervision department. Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions Article 32 The principal responsible persons of production and business operation entities refer to the chairman or general manager of a limited liability company or joint stock company, as well as the factory director, manager, (mining bureau) director, mine manager (including the actual controller) of other production and business operation entities. Safety production managers in production and business operations refer to the persons in charge of safety production within such units, the heads of safety production management agencies and their staff, as well as full-time or part-time safety production managers in those production and business operations units that do not have dedicated safety production management agencies. Other employees of production and business operations units refer to all those who are engaged in the production and business activities of such units, excluding the principal responsible persons, safety production managers, and workers performing special tasks. This includes other responsible persons, other managers, technical personnel, workers in various positions, as well as temporarily hired staff. Article 33 The work safety supervision and management departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as the provincial coal mine safety inspection agencies, may formulate implementation rules in accordance with these provisions, to be filed with the **General Administration of Work Safety Supervision and Management and the **Coal Mine Safety Inspection Bureau. Article 34 These provisions shall come into force as of March 1, 2006.