(Repost) How many emergency plans should enterprises prepare—a major discussion

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Dear sea friends, **several emergency requirements have been established; so how many emergency plans should enterprises prepare? Please, fellow sailors, start the discussion! ! I have compiled the requirements for developing emergency plans for your reference – the primary issue in emergency management. Emergency management of production accidents by enterprises (production and operation units) is an important part of production safety efforts, and emergency plans serve as the main basis and core content for carrying out such management tasks. So, how many emergency response plans should a company prepare? This is the primary issue in emergency management work. 　　The implications of the number of emergency plans to be developed The issue regarding the number of emergency plans that production and operation units should develop involves the following three aspects: First, is it necessary to develop emergency plans? Article 17 of the Work Safety Law stipulates: “The principal responsible person of a production and business operation entity shall bear the following responsibilities for the work safety of such entity: … (5) Organizing the formulation and implementation of emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents within the entity.” In other words, it is beyond doubt that production and operation units must prepare emergency response plans. 　　Second, how many emergency response plans should be prepared at the very least? The minimum requirement for preparing emergency plans is to comply with the relevant laws and regulations on work safety. "Compliance is the most fundamental requirement for production safety efforts in enterprises, and it represents the minimum standard for production safety management. This implies that enterprises must fully understand the laws and regulations regarding the types and number of emergency plans they are required to prepare. 　　Third, how many emergency response plans are needed to meet the actual requirements of emergency management work? The number of emergency plans prepared by production and operation units should include **all the elements required by laws and regulations related to work safety, in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of various accidents and disasters ； At the same time, it must be adapted to the entity’s own emergency response capabilities, which requires determining the appropriate number based on the actual conditions of the production and operation unit. 　　The main principles for determining the number of emergency plans to be developed are the principles of adhering to laws and regulations. **The Notice issued by the Safety Committee Office on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Emergency Plans for Work Safety accidents states that \"emergency plans must meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, rules, and standards\"; this is something that must be complied with and implemented in emergency management work. At present, the main laws, regulations, standards and documents in China that govern emergency management work include the following: In terms of laws, there are mainly the Work Safety Law, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the Fire Protection Law, the Mine Safety Law, the Environmental Protection Law, etc. 　　In terms of regulations, the main ones include the **Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemicals**, the **Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment**, the **Regulations on the Safe Production Management of Construction Projects**, and the **Flood Control Regulations**, among others. 　　Regarding standards and other documents, the main ones include the “Guidelines for Compiling Emergency Response Plans for Work Safety Accidents in Production and Business Entities” (AQ/T 9002–2006), the “Guidelines for Compiling Emergency Response Plans for Chemical Accidents (for entities)”, the “Regulations on the Management of Major Hidden Hazards” (Laobufa [1995] No. 322), the “Opinions of the State Council on Comprehensively Strengthening Emergency Management Work”, and the “Notice on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Emergency Response Plans for Work Safety Accidents” (Anweibanzi [2005] No. 48). 　　Production and business entities required to prepare emergency response plans under the aforementioned laws, regulations, and standards must strictly comply with them. 　　The basic principles for formulating emergency plans: Different industries and production and operation units with varying levels of risk require different numbers and contents of emergency plans, which should be determined based on the specific circumstances of each unit. However, production and operation units that fall under the aforementioned management scope must prepare corresponding emergency plans; this is the fundamental principle for drafting such plans. 　　1) Emergency plans for major hazard sources: Article 33 of the Work Safety Law stipulates that \"production and business operation entities shall keep records of major hazard sources, conduct regular inspections, evaluations, and monitoring of them, and formulate emergency plans to inform employees and relevant personnel of the emergency measures to be taken in case of an emergency.\" 　　2) Emergency plans for hazardous materials: Article 69 of the Work Safety Law stipulates that “units engaged in the production, operation, and storage of hazardous materials, as well as mining and construction enterprises, shall establish emergency rescue organizations.” 　　3) Emergency plans for occupational diseases: Paragraph 6 of Article 19 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases stipulates that \"employers shall establish and improve emergency rescue plans for occupational disease hazards.\" 　　4) Emergency plans for fire protection: Paragraph 4 of Article 16 of the Fire Protection Law stipulates that entities considered to be of high fire risk “shall formulate fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plans”. 　　5) Emergency plans for environmental protection: Article 31 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that “enterprises and institutions that may experience major pollution incidents shall take measures to strengthen prevention.” 　　6) Emergency plans for mine accidents: Article 30 of the Mine Safety Law stipulates that “mine enterprises must establish measures to prevent mine accidents and organize their implementation.” 　　7) Emergency plans for construction projects: Article 48 of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Construction Projects stipulates that \"construction units shall formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents within their own organizations.\" Article 49 states that \"construction units shall, in light of the characteristics and scope of construction work, monitor those areas and stages at the construction site where major accidents are likely to occur, and formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents at such sites.\" In cases where general construction contracting is adopted, the general contractor shall be responsible for uniformly preparing the emergency rescue plan for production safety accidents in construction projects. The general contractors and subcontractors for the project shall, in accordance with the emergency rescue plan, establish their own emergency rescue organizations or assign emergency rescue personnel, provide rescue equipment and apparatus, and organize regular drills. 　　8) Regarding emergency plans for **chemicals**, Article 50 of the **Regulations on Chemical Safety Management** stipulates that: “**Chemical-related entities shall formulate emergency rescue plans for accidents within their own organizations**.” 　　9) Emergency plans for special equipment: Article 31 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment stipulates that \"units using special equipment shall formulate emergency measures and rescue plans for accidents involving such equipment.\" 　　10) Emergency plans for major accident hazards: Paragraph 2 of Article 12 of the “Regulations on the Management of Major Accident Hazards” stipulates regarding the major accident hazards of production and business operations that “emergency plans shall be formulated...”. 　　11) Regarding the emergency plan for flood control, Article 13 of the Flood Control Regulations stipulates that: “Enterprises with responsibilities for flood control and disaster mitigation shall establish their own measures for such purposes in accordance with the approved flood defense plans and flood management plans for the respective river basins or regions. After obtaining approval from the local county-level water administration department, these measures shall be implemented under the supervision of the competent flood control command authority.” 　　Many local regulations issued by provinces and cities also contain corresponding provisions. For example, Article 13 of the Shanghai Flood Control Regulations stipulates that: \"The departments and units designated in the municipal and district/county flood control plans as having flood control responsibilities (hereinafter referred to as departments and units with flood control responsibilities) shall, in accordance with the requirements of those responsibilities and taking into account their own characteristics, formulate their own flood control plans, which shall then be submitted to the corresponding water administration department for record-keeping.\" Units with flood control responsibilities shall also file a report with their competent authorities for record-keeping. Other departments and units shall formulate their own flood prevention emergency plans.” 　　Regarding earthquake emergency plans, in areas prone to earthquakes, emergency plans for earthquake prevention and resistance should be established. Most of the plans regarding earthquakes are found in local regulations. For example, Article 19 of the Regulations on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction in Yunnan Province stipulates that: “Large and medium-sized enterprises in areas under key earthquake surveillance and prevention, as well as projects related to communications, water supply, power supply, gas supply, and other facilities, along with schools, hospitals, large shopping malls, public entertainment venues, stations, and other places where people gather, shall formulate earthquake emergency plans and submit them to the local county’s earthquake management department for record-keeping.”