Accident case analysis: one question per Monday (11). +3 wealth for participation, plus an additional 1–10 wealth for correct answers

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A storage and transportation company’s warehouse area covers an area of 300m×300m and consists of 8 warehouses, which were originally used to store general goods. Three years ago, without any technical modifications or approvals, the storage and transportation company arbitrarily changed the use of warehouses No. 1, No. 4, and No. 6 to store hazardous chemicals. At 12:18 on March 14, 2008, an explosion occurred first in Warehouse No. 4 of the storage area; 12 minutes later, an explosion took place in Warehouse No. 6 as well. These explosions triggered a fire, whose intensity kept increasing. Subsequently, several smaller explosions occurred. Upon arriving at the scene, the fire brigade found that the fire hydrants were not supplying water and that the fire reservoir was empty. They then located a water source 1 kilometer away and immediately began firefighting and rescue operations. Before the accident, Warehouse No. 1 contained 5 tons of hydrogen peroxide; Warehouse No. 4 held 10 tons of sodium sulfide, 40 tons of persulfuric acid, 10 tons of potassium permanganate, 130 tons of *AO acid, and 50 tons of laundry detergent; Warehouse No. 6 stored 15 tons of sulfur, 4 tons of toluene, and 10 tons of ethyl formate. The accident resulted in 15 deaths, 36 severe injuries, and the evacuation of nearly 10,000 people. It caused damage to or destruction of 39,000 square meters of buildings, as well as a large amount of chemical substances; the direct economic loss amounted to 120 million yuan. 　　Based on the above scenario, answer the following questions: (Multiple-choice) 1. In accordance with the \"Standard for Identifying Major Hazard Sources\" (GB18218—2000), (compiled by the Safety Engineer section of Global Network School), regarding the identification results of major hazard sources in this storage area, which of the following statements is correct? ( ) 　　A. Warehouse No. 1 constitutes a major hazard source. B. Warehouse No. 4 constitutes a major hazard source. C. Warehouse No. 6 constitutes a major hazard source. D. The storage area constitutes a major hazard source. E. The storage area does not constitute a major hazard source. 2. In this case, the most likely direct cause of the first explosion was ( ). 　　A. Reaction occurs due to the mixing of oxidizers and reducers. B. The safety distance between warehouses is insufficient. C. The storage amount of *ao acid an is 130 tons. D. The storage amount of potassium permanganate is 10 tons. E. Warehouse management is chaotic. 3. The basic elements for an explosion caused by the evaporation of toluene vapor include ( ). 　　A. The concentration of toluene vapor mixed with air reaches the explosion limit. B. The relative humidity of the environment exceeds 50%. C. An open space. D. A ignition source. E. A confined space. 4. The safety measures that should be taken in this storage area include ( ). 　　A. Install combustible gas monitoring and alarm devices B. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in the warehouse C. Safety inspection measures D. Explosion-proof, flame-proof, and venting measures E. Measures for dealing with violations 5. In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, (which of the following should be included in the direct economic losses of this accident?) 　　A. Property damaged in the fire explosion B. Costs associated with firefighting and emergency response C. Costs for treating the injured D. Costs for cleaning up pollution in nearby rivers caused by the accident E. Wages for warehouse employees who are unable to work due to work-related injuries Answer key and explanations: 1. According to the \"Standard for Identifying Major Hazard Sources\" (GB18218—2000), (compiled by the Safety Engineer section of Global Network School), regarding the identification of major hazard sources in this storage area, the correct answer is (D). 　　Warehouse A.1 constitutes a major hazard source. Warehouse B.4 constitutes a major hazard source. Warehouse C.6 constitutes a major hazard source. The storage area constitutes a major hazard source. The storage area does not constitute a major hazard source. 【Explanation】: The company’s storage area covers an area of 300m×300m, and the distance between each warehouse is less than 500 meters; therefore, the entire storage area constitutes a major hazard source. 　　2. In this case, the most likely direct cause of the first explosion was (A). 　　A. Reaction occurs due to the mixing of oxidizers and reducers. B. Insufficient safety distance between warehouses. C. The storage amount of *ao acid an is 130 tons. D. The storage amount of potassium permanganate is 10 tons. E. Disorganized warehouse management. 【Analysis】: An explosion first occurred in Warehouse No. 4 in the storage area; this warehouse contained 10 tons of sodium sulfide, 40 tons of persulfuric acid an, 10 tons of potassium permanganate, 130 tons of *ao acid an, and 50 tons of laundry detergent. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent, while sodium sulfide, persulfuric acid, and *AO acid are strong reducing agents; when placed together they undergo violent reactions that can even lead to explosions. 　3. The basic elements of toluene vapor explosion include (AD). 　　A. The concentration of toluene vapor mixed with air reaches the explosive limit. B. The relative humidity of the environment exceeds 50%. C. An open space. D. A source of ignition. E. A confined space. 【Explanation】: The basic elements for the explosion of flammable vapors include a source of ignition and a concentration of flammable vapor mixed with air that reaches the explosive limit. 4 The safety technical measures that should be adopted in this storage area include (ABD). 　　A. Install combustible gas monitoring and alarm devices B. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in the warehouse C. Safety inspection measures D. Explosion-proof, flameproof, and venting measures E. Measures for dealing with violations 【Explanation】: Safety inspection measures and measures for dealing with violations are part of safety management measures. 　5. In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, (the following items shall be included in the direct economic losses of this accident: ABCE). 　　A. Property damaged in the fire explosion B. Costs associated with firefighting and emergency response C. Costs for treating the injured D. Costs for cleaning up pollution in nearby rivers caused by the accident E. Wages for warehouse employees who were unable to work due to work-related injuries 【Explanation】: The scope of statistics for direct economic losses resulting from an accident includes: (1) Costs incurred as a result of injuries or deaths, including medical expenses (including nursing costs), funeral and compensation fees, assistance and relief funds, and wages for those who could not work. 　　(2) Costs related to post-incident handling, including administrative expenses for dealing with the accident, on-site rescue costs, site cleanup costs, accident fines, and compensation costs. 　　(3) The value of property losses, including the value of losses to fixed assets and the value of losses to current assets.