What material is used for the pipeline transportation of liquid ammonia?
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There are two ways to turn ammonia into liquid ammonia. First: by applying pressure. It becomes liquid. What material standard should be used for pipeline transportation of this? Second: A liquid is formed by cooling to -33.5 degrees. What material standard should be used for pipeline transportation of this?
Carbon steel is generally sufficient for transporting pure liquid ammonia. However, when the temperature of the medium is -33.5°C, carbon steel cannot be used; its acceptable operating range ends at -20°C. Stainless steel or alloy steel can also be used, with alloy steel allowing temperatures down to around -40°C, and stainless steel enabling even lower temperatures.