What are the bases for the special chapter on safety facility design and the preliminary evaluation? Help! ! !
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This post was last edited by 68589544 on 2016-8-28 at 23:55. I’m a beginner; I hope everyone can help me**. As the title says!
Guidelines for the Preparation of the Special Section on Safety Facilities Design for Hazardous Chemicals Construction Projects (2013-3-8) Scope of Application These guidelines apply to the preparation of the special section on safety facilities design for new, renovated, or expanded construction projects related to the production and storage of hazardous chemicals within the People’s Republic of China, as well as for chemical engineering projects that involve the generation of hazardous chemicals (including projects related to the construction of long-distance pipelines for transporting hazardous chemicals; hereinafter referred to collectively as construction projects). These guidelines do not apply to the following construction projects: 1) The exploration, extraction of hazardous chemicals, and their associated storage ； 2) Transportation and storage facilities supporting the exploration and extraction of crude oil and natural gas ； 3) Transportation and storage of town gas. Terminology and Definitions 2.1 Hazardous Chemicals Highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals that possess properties such as toxicity, corrosivity, explosiveness, flammability, or oxidizing capacity, and that pose risks to human health, facilities, and the environment. 2.2 Safety facilities A general term for equipment, facilities, apparatus, and other technical measures used in production and business operations to prevent, control, reduce, and eliminate the effects of accidents. 2.3 Newly established projects
Projects falling under any of the following circumstances are considered newly established projects: 1) A newly established enterprise constructs facilities for the production or storage of hazardous chemicals; or an existing enterprise constructs facilities for the production or storage of hazardous chemicals that differ from its current production and storage activities ； 2) Newly established enterprises constructing chemical production installations (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals; or existing enterprises constructing chemical production installations (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals, different from their current production activities. 2.4 Renovation Projects Projects that fall under the category of renovation projects include those with any of the following characteristics: 1) Enterprises that upgrade the technology, processes, main equipment (facilities), and types of hazardous chemicals used in existing hazardous chemical production and storage facilities at their current locations ； 2) Enterprises upgrading the technology, processes, and main equipment (facilities) at existing chemical production plants (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals on-site. 2.5 Expansion Projects A project is considered an expansion project if it falls under one of the following circumstances: 1) The enterprise constructs facilities using the same existing technologies, processes, and main equipment as before, but the production and storage facilities are relatively independent ； 2) The enterprise construction is the same as that of existing technologies, processes, and main equipment (facilities), but it features relatively independent production equipment (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals. 2.6 Hazard sources Roots or conditions that may lead to personal injury, health damage, property loss, deterioration of the working environment, or a combination of these situations. 2.7 Hazardous and harmful factors Factors that can cause injury or death to people, affect their health, or even lead to diseases. 2.8 Quantity of hazardous chemicals The amount of hazardous chemicals that are produced, processed, used, or stored on a long-term or temporary basis. 2.9 Workplaces Any work site where workers may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, including sites involved in the production, handling, disposal, storage, transportation, or processing of such chemicals. 3 Content of Preparation 3.1 Basis for Design List the names and numbers of the main documents on which this special report is based, as follows: 1) Approval (authorization, registration) documents for the construction project ； 2)** Relevant industry and local laws, regulations, rules, and normative documents ； 3)** Relevant industry and local standards and specifications ； 4) Design contract ； 5) Safety assessment report for the construction project and opinion on the review of safety conditions for the construction project ； 6) Other relevant documents for the project. 3.2 Overview of the Construction Project A brief description of the basic aspects of the construction project is provided, with the main points as follows: 1) The entity responsible for the project, its production scale, product portfolio, nature of the construction, geographical location, area occupied by the project, scope of design work, and division of responsibilities ； 2) Main process technologies adopted and comparison with technologies used in similar domestic or foreign projects ； 3) Names of the main raw materials, auxiliary materials, and products involved in the project (including finished products and intermediate products), as well as their maximum stock levels ； 4) The process flow of the project, the layout of the main units and facilities (equipment), and the relationships between the upstream and downstream production units ； 5) Names and capacities (or load capacities) of the public and auxiliary engineering or facilities supporting the project ； 6) List of the main equipment for the project installation, including name, specifications, operating or design conditions, material, quantity, etc ； 7) External supporting conditions or facilities for the project, including water sources, power supply, steam, instrument air, as well as emergency facilities such as fire stations, gas safety stations, and hospitals ； 8) Natural conditions of the project site, including geology, meteorology, hydrology, etc ； 9) The surrounding area of the project site, indicating the distance from the project to the following important facilities: a) residential areas and commercial centers, parks, and other crowded places ； b) Public facilities such as schools, hospitals, theaters, stadiums (venues), etc ； c) Stations, docks (except those that are legally permitted to carry out the loading and unloading of hazardous chemicals), airports, as well as communication backbone lines, communication hubs, railway lines, road traffic arteries, waterway traffic arteries, subway ventilation shafts, and subway station exits ； d)** Restricted areas, **Management areas ； e) Other places, facilities, and areas specified by laws and administrative regulations. 3.3 Analysis of Process Hazard Sources and Hazardous and Harmful Factors in Construction Projects In accordance with **relevant standards and regulations, the analysis of process hazard sources and hazardous and harmful factors in construction projects is carried out using the process hazard source analysis methods recommended in the \"Guidelines for Safety Design Management of Chemical Engineering Construction Projects\" (AQ/T3033) or other appropriate methods. 3.3.1 Hazard Analysis of Materials 1) List the characteristics of the hazardous chemicals involved in the construction project; for the required basic data, see Table 1 \"Hazardous Chemical Data Sheet\". 2) Analyze the quantity, concentration (content) of hazardous chemicals with explosive, flammable, toxic, and corrosive properties involved in the production process of construction projects, as well as the units where they are located and their states (temperature, pressure, phase state, etc.). 3) Explain the situation regarding hazardous chemicals under key supervision involved in the construction project. Table 1 Hazardous Chemical Data Sheet: Material Name, Classification of Hazardous Chemicals, Phase, Density, Boiling Point (°C), Freezing Point (°C), Flash Point (°C), Spontaneous Combustion Point (°C), Occupational Exposure Limit, Toxicity Grade, Explosive Limit (v%), Fire Hazard Classification, Hazard Characteristics. 3.3.2 Analyze and explain the potential hazard sources that may lead to leaks, explosions, fires, or poisoning incidents during the process of the construction project. 3.3.3 Identify other dangerous and harmful factors that a construction project may pose to workers, such as dust, asphyxiation, corrosion, noise, high temperatures, low temperatures, vibration, falls, mechanical injuries, and radioactive radiation. 3.3.4 Describe the main work areas where the hazard sources and hazardous and harmful factors mentioned in sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 exist. 3.3.5 Describe the fire hazard classification of the equipment or unit and the classification of explosive hazard areas. 3.3.6 Identify major hazard sources in accordance with the “Identification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218), and classify them into respective levels in accordance with the “Interim Provisions on the Supervision and Management of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (**Order No. 40 of the State Administration of Work Safety). 3.3.7 Indicate whether the process of the construction project falls under the category of hazardous chemical processes subject to key supervision. 3.3.8 Describe the route of long-distance pipelines for hazardous chemicals, as well as the potential hazard sources and dangerous and harmful factors associated with their routing and crossing processes. 3.3.9 Based on reports such as safety assessments conducted in the preliminary phase of the construction project, describe the main analysis results. 3.3.10 Based on the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) or other safety risk analyses conducted during the design process, describe the main analysis results. 3.3.11 For construction projects involving multiple units, or those involving adjacent operating units of the same enterprise, it is necessary to analyze their mutual influences and potential hazards, and present the main analysis results. 3.4 Safety facilities adopted in the design
The design of safety facilities shall be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the construction project, the analysis results regarding potential hazards and harmful factors throughout the process, as well as the requirements stipulated in current national, industry-specific, and local laws, regulations, standards, codes, and provisions. Based on design principles such as inherent safety, priority on accident prevention, and emphasis on reliability, targeted, operable, and economically viable safety facilities shall be implemented. 3.4.1 Process system 1) Main measures taken in the process to prevent leakage, fire, explosion, dust generation, poisoning, and corrosion ； 2) Safety control measures for hazardous materials under normal and abnormal operating conditions, such as interlock protection, safety pressure relief, emergency shutdown, accidental release, and reaction runaway control; for hazardous chemical processes that are under close supervision, it is necessary to indicate the compliance of the control systems employed with relevant regulations ； 3) Other process safety measures adopted. 3.4.2 General layout 1) Main distances between construction projects and facilities outside the plant/boundary, compliance with standards and specifications, and protective measures taken ； 2) Main safety considerations for the horizontal and vertical layout of the entire plant and its units (facilities), including functional zoning, wind speed, wind direction, spacing, elevation, and the transportation of hazardous chemicals ； 3) Compliance with main fire separation distances and standard specifications in the layout ； 4) Layout of fire roads, safety evacuation routes, and exits within the factory premises ； 5) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.3 Equipment and Piping 1) Compliance of pressure vessels, equipment, and piping design with **regulations and standards, including compliance by imported pressure vessels with **mandatory requirements ； 2) Selection of main equipment and pipeline materials and protective measures ； 3) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.4 Electricity 1) Power supply sources, classification of electrical loads, installation of emergency or backup power supplies ； 2) Determining the classification levels for explosion-hazardous areas and selecting the explosion-proof and protective ratings for electrical equipment in fire-hazardous locations ； 3) Lightning and static electricity protection grounding facilities ； 4) Other electrical safety measures taken. 3.4.5 Automatic control instruments and fire alarm systems 1) Installation of emergency or backup power and gas supplies ； 2) Settings and safety functions of automatic control systems, including emergency shutdown systems, safety instrument systems, etc ； 3) Installation of detection and alarm systems for flammable and toxic gases ； 4) Composition of the control room and functions of the control center, including production control, fire control, emergency control, etc ； 5) Fire alarm systems, industrial CCTV monitoring systems, emergency broadcasting systems, etc ； 6) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.6 Buildings and structures: Description of fire protection, explosion prevention, blast resistance, corrosion protection, and fire-resistant protection facilities ； Prepare a \"List of Buildings and Structures\", including information on structure, floor area, number of floors, fire hazard level, fire resistance rating, seismic design requirements, ventilation, pressure relief areas, as well as evacuation routes and safety exits ； Facilities for ventilation, smoke exhaust, dust removal, temperature reduction, etc ； Other safety measures taken. 3.4.7 Other preventive facilities: Measures to protect against natural disasters such as floods, typhoons, geological disasters, and earthquakes ； Noise protection, burn protection, guardrails, safety signs, installation of wind vane, etc ； Provision of personal protective equipment ； Other safety measures adopted. 3.4.8 Accident emergency response measures and safety management organizations: Based on the characteristics of the construction project, its nature, and the surrounding environment, this section describes the main accident emergency response facilities incorporated into the design, including fire stations, gas prevention stations, and medical emergency facilities ； Indicates the maximum amount of wastewater that may be discharged in the event of an accident, as well as the emergency measures to prevent such discharge outside the plant/limits ； Suggestions on the establishment of safety management organizations and staffing. 3.4.9 Adoption of Recommendations in the Safety Assessment Report 1) Explanation of the adoption status of safety measures and recommendations related to engineering design ； 2) Explain the reasons why the engineering design did not adopt the safety measures and recommendations. 3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 3.5.1 Conclusions The following aspects should be emphasized: 1) The compliance of safety conditions during the engineering design phase with those from the preliminary safety assessment stage, as well as the outcomes of the relevant handling ； 2) Safety and reliability of the process technology selected for the construction project ； 3) Compliance of the design with current **relevant standards and specifications ； 4) Expected outcomes and conclusions of the safety facility design. 3.5.2 Recommendations Based on the construction and operational experience of similar domestic or foreign installations (facilities), recommendations and safety issues that require special attention during trial production and operation are proposed. 4 Special Appendices 4.1 Opinion on the Review of Safety Conditions for the Construction Project 4.2 Map of the Location of the Construction Project 4.3 General Layout Plan 4.4 Plant Layout Plan 4.5 Simplified Process Flow Diagram 4.6 Map of Explosion-Hazardous Areas 4.7 Fire Alarm System Diagram 4.8 Layout Plan of Flammable and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm Devices 4.9 List of Major Safety Facilities, including safety valves, rupture discs, flammable and toxic gas detectors, personal protective equipment, etc. 4.10 Other documents to be provided 5 Special report format 5.1 Composition of the special report 5.1.1 Cover page (see Attachment 1) 5.1.2 Back cover page (see Attachment 2) 5.1.3 Qualification certificate of the design unit (copy or reproduction), along with sign-off forms for the designers, reviewers, and approvers 5.1.4 Table of contents 5.1.5 Explanation of terms, symbols, and codes that are not commonly used 5.1.6 Main content 5.1.7 Attachments 5.2 Font size and type Chapter and section titles in the main content should be in Heiti or KaiTi font, size 3; project titles should be in Heiti font, size 4 ； The textual content should be written in Song typeface, size 4, while the table contents can be formatted in Song typeface, size 5 or 6 ； Copies of the charts in the attachments are acceptable; the titles of the attachments and the headings of the items should be written in Heiti font size 3 and 4 respectively, while the text and tables within the attachments should use the same font as that used in the \"Main Content\". 5.3 Paper and layout Use A4 white offset paper (70g or more) ； Vertical layout, with a left margin of 28 mm, right margin of 20 mm, top margin of 25 mm, and bottom margin of 20 mm ； Chapter and section headings are centered; item headings are indented by two spaces. 5.4 Production Print the text on both sides, except for illustrations, copies, etc. 5.5 Sealing After the formal text of the special section on the design of safety facilities for the construction project is bound, the cover page of this section shall be stamped with the official seal of the design unit. Attachment 1: Special Section on the Design of Safety Facilities for [Name of Construction Project]
Construction entity:
Legal representative of the construction entity:
Entity responsible for the construction project:
Principal person in charge of the construction project entity:
Contact person at the construction project entity:
Contact phone number of the construction project entity:
(Seal of the construction project entity) Date: Year/Month/Day
Attachment 2: Special Section on the Design of Safety Facilities for [Name of Construction Project]
Design entity:
Legal representative of the design entity:
Contact person at the design entity:
Contact phone number of the design entity:
(Seal of the design entity) Date: Year/Month/Day
Guidelines for Preliminary Safety Assessment
1. Subject matter and scope of application
These guidelines are formulated in accordance with the “General Rules for Safety Assessment”. They specify the purpose, basic principles, content, procedures, and methods of preliminary safety assessment. They apply to preliminary safety assessments for construction projects (excluding mining-related construction projects). 2 Objectives and Basic Principles of Safety Pre-assessment The objective of safety pre-assessment is to implement the principle of \"safety first, prevention first,\" and to provide a scientific basis for the preliminary design of construction projects, thereby helping to enhance the inherent safety level of such projects. The basic principle of pre-safety assessment is that safety assessment agencies with the **required qualifications independently conduct pre-safety assessments in a scientific, fair, and lawful manner. 3 Definitions
3.1 Construction projects
Construction projects refer to new construction, renovation, or expansion projects undertaken by production and business entities. 3.2 Preliminary safety assessment
Preliminary safety assessment involves analyzing and predicting the types and degrees of potential hazards and harmful factors associated with a construction project, based on the contents of its feasibility study report. It also entails proposing reasonable and feasible safety countermeasures and recommendations. 3.3 Identification of hazards and harmful factors
The identification of hazards and harmful factors refers to the process of identifying such hazards and harmful factors, as well as analyzing their nature and status. 3.4 Risk assessment
Risk assessment refers to the process of evaluating the likelihood and severity of accidents caused by hazardous and harmful factors, determining the acceptable level, and taking measures accordingly to reduce the risk to that acceptable level. 3.5 Evaluation units Evaluation units are created for the purposes of safety evaluation; based on the characteristics of the production processes or sites in a construction project, the processes or sites are divided into several relatively independent parts. 4 Contents of preliminary safety assessment
The contents of preliminary safety assessment mainly include identification of hazards and harmful factors, hazard assessment, as well as safety countermeasures and recommendations. 5 Procedures for preliminary safety assessment The procedures for preliminary safety assessment generally include: preparation phase ； Identification and analysis of hazards and harmful factors ； Determine the safety pre-evaluation units ； Select a safety pre-evaluation method ； Qualitative and quantitative evaluation ； Safety countermeasures and recommendations ； Conclusions of the preliminary safety assessment ； Prepare a safety pre-evaluation report. 5.1 Preparation phase: Define the object and scope of evaluation, conduct on-site investigations, and collect relevant domestic and international laws, regulations, technical standards, and information on construction projects. Reference materials for construction projects are provided in Appendix A. 5.2 Identification and analysis of hazardous and harmful factors
Based on the surrounding environment of the construction project, its production process, or the characteristics of the premises, identify and analyze any potential hazardous and harmful factors. 5.3 Determination of safety pre-evaluation units
Based on the identification and analysis of hazardous and harmful factors, and according to the requirements of the evaluation, the construction project is divided into several evaluation units. General principles for defining evaluation units: Evaluation units should be defined based on production process functions, the relative spatial positions of production facilities and equipment, types of hazardous factors, and the scope of potential accidents, so that each evaluation unit remains relatively independent and has clear characteristic boundaries. 5.4 Selection of safety pre-evaluation methods
Based on the characteristics of the object to be evaluated, select scientific, reasonable, and applicable qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. Commonly used methods for safety pre-evaluation are listed in Appendix B. 5.5 Qualitative and quantitative evaluation
Based on the selected evaluation method, a qualitative and quantitative assessment is conducted regarding the likelihood and severity of accidents caused by hazardous and harmful factors. This helps determine the potential locations where accidents may occur, their frequency, severity levels, and related outcomes, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating safety countermeasures. 5.6 Safety countermeasures and recommendations
Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative evaluations, technical and management measures as well as recommendations for eliminating or mitigating hazardous and harmful factors are proposed. Safety countermeasures should include the following aspects: (1) Safety measures regarding site layout and architecture ； ⑵Safety measures regarding processes, equipment, and installations ； ⑶Countermeasures in the design of safety engineering ； ⑷Countermeasures and measures in terms of safety management ； ⑸Other comprehensive measures to be taken. 5.7 Conclusions of the safety pre-evaluation
Briefly list the evaluation results regarding major hazardous and harmful factors; identify the significant hazardous and harmful factors that require special attention in the construction project; specify the important safety countermeasures that should be emphasized. Finally, provide a conclusion as to whether the construction project complies with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards from the perspective of work safety. 5.8 Preparation of the safety pre-evaluation report
The safety pre-evaluation report shall include the following key contents:
5.8.1 Overview
(1) Basis for the safety pre-evaluation
Laws, regulations, and technical standards related to safety pre-evaluation ； Documents related to construction projects, such as feasibility study reports for construction projects ； Other materials referred to in the safety pre-assessment. ⑵Introduction to the construction unit ⑶ Overview of the construction project Site selection, general layout and plan arrangement of the construction project, production scale, process flow, main equipment, major raw materials, intermediates, products, economic and technical indicators, as well as utility systems and auxiliary facilities. 5.8.2 Brief introduction to the production process
5.8.3 Methods of safety pre-evaluation and evaluation units
(1) Brief introduction to safety pre-evaluation methods
(2) Determination of evaluation units
5.8.4 Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
(1) Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
(2) Analysis of evaluation results
5.8.5 Safety countermeasures and recommendations
(1) Safety countermeasures proposed in the feasibility study report
(2) Additional safety countermeasures and recommendations
5.8.6 Conclusions of the safety pre-evaluation
6 Review and management of the safety pre-evaluation report
The construction entity shall, in accordance with relevant requirements, submit the safety pre-evaluation report to a competent industry organization or an intermediary agency possessing the necessary qualifications, so that experts can conduct a technical review. The expert review panel will then provide their review opinions. After revising and improving the pre-evaluation report based on the review comments, the pre-evaluation unit shall have the construction unit submit it to the relevant work safety supervision and management department for the record as required. 7 Format of the Safety Pre-Evaluation Report
7.1 Cover (see Appendix C)
7.2 Photocopy of the qualification certificate for safety pre-evaluation
7.3 Descriptive items (see Appendix D)
7.4 Table of contents
7.5 Instructions on preparation
7.6 Foreword
7.7 Main text
7.8 Attachments
7.9 Appendices
Appendix A:
Reference list of documents provided by the construction entity
A.1 Comprehensive information regarding the construction project
1.1 General information about the construction entity
1.2 Overview of the construction project
1.3 General layout plan of the construction project
1.4 Map showing the relationship between the construction project and its surrounding environment
1.5 Process flow diagram and material balance chart of the construction project
1.6 Meteorological conditions
A.2 Basis for the design of the construction project
2.1 Approval documents for the initiation of the construction project
2.2 Geological and hydrological data serving as basis for the project design
2.3 Other relevant safety-related data used as basis for the project design
A.3 Design documents for the construction project
3.1 Feasibility study report of the construction project
3.2 Other design documents related to renovation or expansion projects
A.4 Information on safety facilities, equipment, processes, and materials
4.1 Description and explanation of process steps within the production process
4.2 Description and explanation of safety systems within the production process
4.3 Data tables concerning major facilities, equipment, and processes in the production system
4.4 Information on raw materials, intermediate products, final products, and other materials
A.5 Organization structure and staffing arrangements for safety management
A.6 Estimated investment required for specific safety measures
A.7 Historical monitoring data and records
A.8 Other materials that can be utilized for safety evaluation of the construction project
Appendix B:
Commonly used methods for safety pre-evaluation
B.1 Methods for evaluating factors contributing to accidents
1) On-site expert questioning and observation method
2) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
3) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
4) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
5) Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
6) Safety checklist method
7) Factor diagram analysis method
8) Analysis of accident causation and development
9) Sequential accident evaluation method
10) Multiple-series failure analysis method
11) Dual comparison method
12) Work task analysis method
13) Cause-and-effect (fishbone) diagram analysis method
B.2 Methods capable of classifying hazard levels
1) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
2) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
3) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
4) Logical tree analysis
5) Risk matrix evaluation method
6) Safety level evaluation method
7) Risk tolerance evaluation method
8) Dow Fire and Explosion Index method
9) Mond Fire, Explosion, and Toxicity Index method
10) Six-stage evaluation method proposed by Japan’s Ministry of Labour
11) Quantitative evaluation method for chemical process hazards in the former Soviet Union
12) Fuzzy matrix method
13) Direct numerical estimation method
14) Human cognitive reliability analysis method
15) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese chemical plants
16) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese metallurgical plants
17) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese smelting plants
18) Identification method for major hazard sources
19) Job Condition Risk Assessment method (Graham-Kinney method)
20) Evaluation method combining “Safety Checklist – Hazard Index Evaluation – System Safety Analysis”
21) Statistical chart analysis method
B.3 Methods capable of predicting accident consequences
1) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
2) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
3) Logical tree analysis
4) Probabilistic theoretical analysis
5) Markov model analysis
6) Dow Fire and Explosion Index method
7) Mond Fire, Explosion, and Toxicity Index method
8) Six-stage evaluation method proposed by Japan’s Ministry of Labour
9) Quantitative evaluation method for chemical process hazards in the former Soviet Union
10) Fuzzy matrix method
11) Success probability index method
12) Safeti evaluation method
13) Evaluation method for major flammable, explosive, and toxic hazard sources
14) Evaluation method combining “Safety Checklist – Hazard Index Evaluation – System Safety Analysis”
15) Statistical chart analysis method
16) Safety evaluation method for mining engineering
17) Matrix evaluation method for tailings ponds
18) Liquid leakage model
19) Gas leakage model
20) Adiabatic diffusion model
21) Evaluation model for flame intensity and radiation from pool fires
22) Model for assessing injuries caused by fireball explosions
23) Model for assessing injuries due to overpressure from explosion shockwaves
24) Model for assessing damage caused by overpressure during vapor cloud explosions
25) Model for predicting dispersion of toxic substances following a leak
26) TNT equivalent method for assessing injuries caused by boiler explosions
Appendix C:
Format of the cover page for safety pre-evaluation reports
C.1 Layout of the cover page
The text in the first two lines of the cover page indicates the name of the construction entity ； The text on the third line of the cover is the name of the construction project ； The fourth line of text on the cover states that the report title is “Safety Pre-Evaluation Report” ； The two bottom lines on the cover indicate the name of the safety assessment agency and the serial number of its safety assessment qualification certificate, respectively. C.2 Cover sample The cover sample is shown in Figure C.1. Name of the construction entity
Name of the construction project
Safety pre-evaluation report
Name of the evaluation agency
Certificate number of the safety evaluation agency’s qualifications
Figure C.1: Sample cover page of the safety pre-evaluation report
Appendix D:
Format of entry fields
D.1 Layout
Entry fields such as “Legal representative of the evaluation agency, main members of the research team, and reviewers” are generally arranged on two pages. On the first page, the names of the main responsible persons are listed, including the legal representative of the evaluation agency (as stated in its business license), the person who reviewed and finalized the report (who should be the technical head of the agency), and the leader of the research team (who should be the head of the evaluation team). Below this, the date when the report was completed is indicated, along with a designated area for stamping the official seal of the evaluation agency (as per its safety evaluation qualification certificate) ； The second page lists the evaluators (based on their safety evaluator qualification certificates, with registration numbers indicated), various technical experts (who should be members of the evaluation agency’s expert pool), and other relevant responsible persons. Both the evaluators and technical experts must sign by hand. D.2 Sample pages The example entries are shown in Figures D.1 and D.2. Name of the construction unit or name of the construction project Safety Pre-assessment Report Legal representative: As specified in the assessment agency’s business license Final approval: Technical director of the assessment agency Project leader: Head of the assessment team Date of completion of the assessment report (Seal of the assessment agency) Sample of the first page containing the citation details, Figure D.1 Assessment personnel Team leader: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature Team members: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature Report compiler: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature
Projects falling under any of the following circumstances are considered newly established projects: 1) A newly established enterprise constructs facilities for the production or storage of hazardous chemicals; or an existing enterprise constructs facilities for the production or storage of hazardous chemicals that differ from its current production and storage activities ； 2) Newly established enterprises constructing chemical production installations (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals; or existing enterprises constructing chemical production installations (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals, different from their current production activities. 2.4 Renovation Projects Projects that fall under the category of renovation projects include those with any of the following characteristics: 1) Enterprises that upgrade the technology, processes, main equipment (facilities), and types of hazardous chemicals used in existing hazardous chemical production and storage facilities at their current locations ； 2) Enterprises upgrading the technology, processes, and main equipment (facilities) at existing chemical production plants (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals on-site. 2.5 Expansion Projects A project is considered an expansion project if it falls under one of the following circumstances: 1) The enterprise constructs facilities using the same existing technologies, processes, and main equipment as before, but the production and storage facilities are relatively independent ； 2) The enterprise construction is the same as that of existing technologies, processes, and main equipment (facilities), but it features relatively independent production equipment (facilities) that generate hazardous chemicals. 2.6 Hazard sources Roots or conditions that may lead to personal injury, health damage, property loss, deterioration of the working environment, or a combination of these situations. 2.7 Hazardous and harmful factors Factors that can cause injury or death to people, affect their health, or even lead to diseases. 2.8 Quantity of hazardous chemicals The amount of hazardous chemicals that are produced, processed, used, or stored on a long-term or temporary basis. 2.9 Workplaces Any work site where workers may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, including sites involved in the production, handling, disposal, storage, transportation, or processing of such chemicals. 3 Content of Preparation 3.1 Basis for Design List the names and numbers of the main documents on which this special report is based, as follows: 1) Approval (authorization, registration) documents for the construction project ； 2)** Relevant industry and local laws, regulations, rules, and normative documents ； 3)** Relevant industry and local standards and specifications ； 4) Design contract ； 5) Safety assessment report for the construction project and opinion on the review of safety conditions for the construction project ； 6) Other relevant documents for the project. 3.2 Overview of the Construction Project A brief description of the basic aspects of the construction project is provided, with the main points as follows: 1) The entity responsible for the project, its production scale, product portfolio, nature of the construction, geographical location, area occupied by the project, scope of design work, and division of responsibilities ； 2) Main process technologies adopted and comparison with technologies used in similar domestic or foreign projects ； 3) Names of the main raw materials, auxiliary materials, and products involved in the project (including finished products and intermediate products), as well as their maximum stock levels ； 4) The process flow of the project, the layout of the main units and facilities (equipment), and the relationships between the upstream and downstream production units ； 5) Names and capacities (or load capacities) of the public and auxiliary engineering or facilities supporting the project ； 6) List of the main equipment for the project installation, including name, specifications, operating or design conditions, material, quantity, etc ； 7) External supporting conditions or facilities for the project, including water sources, power supply, steam, instrument air, as well as emergency facilities such as fire stations, gas safety stations, and hospitals ； 8) Natural conditions of the project site, including geology, meteorology, hydrology, etc ； 9) The surrounding area of the project site, indicating the distance from the project to the following important facilities: a) residential areas and commercial centers, parks, and other crowded places ； b) Public facilities such as schools, hospitals, theaters, stadiums (venues), etc ； c) Stations, docks (except those that are legally permitted to carry out the loading and unloading of hazardous chemicals), airports, as well as communication backbone lines, communication hubs, railway lines, road traffic arteries, waterway traffic arteries, subway ventilation shafts, and subway station exits ； d)** Restricted areas, **Management areas ； e) Other places, facilities, and areas specified by laws and administrative regulations. 3.3 Analysis of Process Hazard Sources and Hazardous and Harmful Factors in Construction Projects In accordance with **relevant standards and regulations, the analysis of process hazard sources and hazardous and harmful factors in construction projects is carried out using the process hazard source analysis methods recommended in the \"Guidelines for Safety Design Management of Chemical Engineering Construction Projects\" (AQ/T3033) or other appropriate methods. 3.3.1 Hazard Analysis of Materials 1) List the characteristics of the hazardous chemicals involved in the construction project; for the required basic data, see Table 1 \"Hazardous Chemical Data Sheet\". 2) Analyze the quantity, concentration (content) of hazardous chemicals with explosive, flammable, toxic, and corrosive properties involved in the production process of construction projects, as well as the units where they are located and their states (temperature, pressure, phase state, etc.). 3) Explain the situation regarding hazardous chemicals under key supervision involved in the construction project. Table 1 Hazardous Chemical Data Sheet: Material Name, Classification of Hazardous Chemicals, Phase, Density, Boiling Point (°C), Freezing Point (°C), Flash Point (°C), Spontaneous Combustion Point (°C), Occupational Exposure Limit, Toxicity Grade, Explosive Limit (v%), Fire Hazard Classification, Hazard Characteristics. 3.3.2 Analyze and explain the potential hazard sources that may lead to leaks, explosions, fires, or poisoning incidents during the process of the construction project. 3.3.3 Identify other dangerous and harmful factors that a construction project may pose to workers, such as dust, asphyxiation, corrosion, noise, high temperatures, low temperatures, vibration, falls, mechanical injuries, and radioactive radiation. 3.3.4 Describe the main work areas where the hazard sources and hazardous and harmful factors mentioned in sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 exist. 3.3.5 Describe the fire hazard classification of the equipment or unit and the classification of explosive hazard areas. 3.3.6 Identify major hazard sources in accordance with the “Identification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218), and classify them into respective levels in accordance with the “Interim Provisions on the Supervision and Management of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (**Order No. 40 of the State Administration of Work Safety). 3.3.7 Indicate whether the process of the construction project falls under the category of hazardous chemical processes subject to key supervision. 3.3.8 Describe the route of long-distance pipelines for hazardous chemicals, as well as the potential hazard sources and dangerous and harmful factors associated with their routing and crossing processes. 3.3.9 Based on reports such as safety assessments conducted in the preliminary phase of the construction project, describe the main analysis results. 3.3.10 Based on the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) or other safety risk analyses conducted during the design process, describe the main analysis results. 3.3.11 For construction projects involving multiple units, or those involving adjacent operating units of the same enterprise, it is necessary to analyze their mutual influences and potential hazards, and present the main analysis results. 3.4 Safety facilities adopted in the design
The design of safety facilities shall be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the construction project, the analysis results regarding potential hazards and harmful factors throughout the process, as well as the requirements stipulated in current national, industry-specific, and local laws, regulations, standards, codes, and provisions. Based on design principles such as inherent safety, priority on accident prevention, and emphasis on reliability, targeted, operable, and economically viable safety facilities shall be implemented. 3.4.1 Process system 1) Main measures taken in the process to prevent leakage, fire, explosion, dust generation, poisoning, and corrosion ； 2) Safety control measures for hazardous materials under normal and abnormal operating conditions, such as interlock protection, safety pressure relief, emergency shutdown, accidental release, and reaction runaway control; for hazardous chemical processes that are under close supervision, it is necessary to indicate the compliance of the control systems employed with relevant regulations ； 3) Other process safety measures adopted. 3.4.2 General layout 1) Main distances between construction projects and facilities outside the plant/boundary, compliance with standards and specifications, and protective measures taken ； 2) Main safety considerations for the horizontal and vertical layout of the entire plant and its units (facilities), including functional zoning, wind speed, wind direction, spacing, elevation, and the transportation of hazardous chemicals ； 3) Compliance with main fire separation distances and standard specifications in the layout ； 4) Layout of fire roads, safety evacuation routes, and exits within the factory premises ； 5) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.3 Equipment and Piping 1) Compliance of pressure vessels, equipment, and piping design with **regulations and standards, including compliance by imported pressure vessels with **mandatory requirements ； 2) Selection of main equipment and pipeline materials and protective measures ； 3) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.4 Electricity 1) Power supply sources, classification of electrical loads, installation of emergency or backup power supplies ； 2) Determining the classification levels for explosion-hazardous areas and selecting the explosion-proof and protective ratings for electrical equipment in fire-hazardous locations ； 3) Lightning and static electricity protection grounding facilities ； 4) Other electrical safety measures taken. 3.4.5 Automatic control instruments and fire alarm systems 1) Installation of emergency or backup power and gas supplies ； 2) Settings and safety functions of automatic control systems, including emergency shutdown systems, safety instrument systems, etc ； 3) Installation of detection and alarm systems for flammable and toxic gases ； 4) Composition of the control room and functions of the control center, including production control, fire control, emergency control, etc ； 5) Fire alarm systems, industrial CCTV monitoring systems, emergency broadcasting systems, etc ； 6) Other safety measures taken. 3.4.6 Buildings and structures: Description of fire protection, explosion prevention, blast resistance, corrosion protection, and fire-resistant protection facilities ； Prepare a \"List of Buildings and Structures\", including information on structure, floor area, number of floors, fire hazard level, fire resistance rating, seismic design requirements, ventilation, pressure relief areas, as well as evacuation routes and safety exits ； Facilities for ventilation, smoke exhaust, dust removal, temperature reduction, etc ； Other safety measures taken. 3.4.7 Other preventive facilities: Measures to protect against natural disasters such as floods, typhoons, geological disasters, and earthquakes ； Noise protection, burn protection, guardrails, safety signs, installation of wind vane, etc ； Provision of personal protective equipment ； Other safety measures adopted. 3.4.8 Accident emergency response measures and safety management organizations: Based on the characteristics of the construction project, its nature, and the surrounding environment, this section describes the main accident emergency response facilities incorporated into the design, including fire stations, gas prevention stations, and medical emergency facilities ； Indicates the maximum amount of wastewater that may be discharged in the event of an accident, as well as the emergency measures to prevent such discharge outside the plant/limits ； Suggestions on the establishment of safety management organizations and staffing. 3.4.9 Adoption of Recommendations in the Safety Assessment Report 1) Explanation of the adoption status of safety measures and recommendations related to engineering design ； 2) Explain the reasons why the engineering design did not adopt the safety measures and recommendations. 3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 3.5.1 Conclusions The following aspects should be emphasized: 1) The compliance of safety conditions during the engineering design phase with those from the preliminary safety assessment stage, as well as the outcomes of the relevant handling ； 2) Safety and reliability of the process technology selected for the construction project ； 3) Compliance of the design with current **relevant standards and specifications ； 4) Expected outcomes and conclusions of the safety facility design. 3.5.2 Recommendations Based on the construction and operational experience of similar domestic or foreign installations (facilities), recommendations and safety issues that require special attention during trial production and operation are proposed. 4 Special Appendices 4.1 Opinion on the Review of Safety Conditions for the Construction Project 4.2 Map of the Location of the Construction Project 4.3 General Layout Plan 4.4 Plant Layout Plan 4.5 Simplified Process Flow Diagram 4.6 Map of Explosion-Hazardous Areas 4.7 Fire Alarm System Diagram 4.8 Layout Plan of Flammable and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm Devices 4.9 List of Major Safety Facilities, including safety valves, rupture discs, flammable and toxic gas detectors, personal protective equipment, etc. 4.10 Other documents to be provided 5 Special report format 5.1 Composition of the special report 5.1.1 Cover page (see Attachment 1) 5.1.2 Back cover page (see Attachment 2) 5.1.3 Qualification certificate of the design unit (copy or reproduction), along with sign-off forms for the designers, reviewers, and approvers 5.1.4 Table of contents 5.1.5 Explanation of terms, symbols, and codes that are not commonly used 5.1.6 Main content 5.1.7 Attachments 5.2 Font size and type Chapter and section titles in the main content should be in Heiti or KaiTi font, size 3; project titles should be in Heiti font, size 4 ； The textual content should be written in Song typeface, size 4, while the table contents can be formatted in Song typeface, size 5 or 6 ； Copies of the charts in the attachments are acceptable; the titles of the attachments and the headings of the items should be written in Heiti font size 3 and 4 respectively, while the text and tables within the attachments should use the same font as that used in the \"Main Content\". 5.3 Paper and layout Use A4 white offset paper (70g or more) ； Vertical layout, with a left margin of 28 mm, right margin of 20 mm, top margin of 25 mm, and bottom margin of 20 mm ； Chapter and section headings are centered; item headings are indented by two spaces. 5.4 Production Print the text on both sides, except for illustrations, copies, etc. 5.5 Sealing After the formal text of the special section on the design of safety facilities for the construction project is bound, the cover page of this section shall be stamped with the official seal of the design unit. Attachment 1: Special Section on the Design of Safety Facilities for [Name of Construction Project]
Construction entity:
Legal representative of the construction entity:
Entity responsible for the construction project:
Principal person in charge of the construction project entity:
Contact person at the construction project entity:
Contact phone number of the construction project entity:
(Seal of the construction project entity) Date: Year/Month/Day
Attachment 2: Special Section on the Design of Safety Facilities for [Name of Construction Project]
Design entity:
Legal representative of the design entity:
Contact person at the design entity:
Contact phone number of the design entity:
(Seal of the design entity) Date: Year/Month/Day
Guidelines for Preliminary Safety Assessment
1. Subject matter and scope of application
These guidelines are formulated in accordance with the “General Rules for Safety Assessment”. They specify the purpose, basic principles, content, procedures, and methods of preliminary safety assessment. They apply to preliminary safety assessments for construction projects (excluding mining-related construction projects). 2 Objectives and Basic Principles of Safety Pre-assessment The objective of safety pre-assessment is to implement the principle of \"safety first, prevention first,\" and to provide a scientific basis for the preliminary design of construction projects, thereby helping to enhance the inherent safety level of such projects. The basic principle of pre-safety assessment is that safety assessment agencies with the **required qualifications independently conduct pre-safety assessments in a scientific, fair, and lawful manner. 3 Definitions
3.1 Construction projects
Construction projects refer to new construction, renovation, or expansion projects undertaken by production and business entities. 3.2 Preliminary safety assessment
Preliminary safety assessment involves analyzing and predicting the types and degrees of potential hazards and harmful factors associated with a construction project, based on the contents of its feasibility study report. It also entails proposing reasonable and feasible safety countermeasures and recommendations. 3.3 Identification of hazards and harmful factors
The identification of hazards and harmful factors refers to the process of identifying such hazards and harmful factors, as well as analyzing their nature and status. 3.4 Risk assessment
Risk assessment refers to the process of evaluating the likelihood and severity of accidents caused by hazardous and harmful factors, determining the acceptable level, and taking measures accordingly to reduce the risk to that acceptable level. 3.5 Evaluation units Evaluation units are created for the purposes of safety evaluation; based on the characteristics of the production processes or sites in a construction project, the processes or sites are divided into several relatively independent parts. 4 Contents of preliminary safety assessment
The contents of preliminary safety assessment mainly include identification of hazards and harmful factors, hazard assessment, as well as safety countermeasures and recommendations. 5 Procedures for preliminary safety assessment The procedures for preliminary safety assessment generally include: preparation phase ； Identification and analysis of hazards and harmful factors ； Determine the safety pre-evaluation units ； Select a safety pre-evaluation method ； Qualitative and quantitative evaluation ； Safety countermeasures and recommendations ； Conclusions of the preliminary safety assessment ； Prepare a safety pre-evaluation report. 5.1 Preparation phase: Define the object and scope of evaluation, conduct on-site investigations, and collect relevant domestic and international laws, regulations, technical standards, and information on construction projects. Reference materials for construction projects are provided in Appendix A. 5.2 Identification and analysis of hazardous and harmful factors
Based on the surrounding environment of the construction project, its production process, or the characteristics of the premises, identify and analyze any potential hazardous and harmful factors. 5.3 Determination of safety pre-evaluation units
Based on the identification and analysis of hazardous and harmful factors, and according to the requirements of the evaluation, the construction project is divided into several evaluation units. General principles for defining evaluation units: Evaluation units should be defined based on production process functions, the relative spatial positions of production facilities and equipment, types of hazardous factors, and the scope of potential accidents, so that each evaluation unit remains relatively independent and has clear characteristic boundaries. 5.4 Selection of safety pre-evaluation methods
Based on the characteristics of the object to be evaluated, select scientific, reasonable, and applicable qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. Commonly used methods for safety pre-evaluation are listed in Appendix B. 5.5 Qualitative and quantitative evaluation
Based on the selected evaluation method, a qualitative and quantitative assessment is conducted regarding the likelihood and severity of accidents caused by hazardous and harmful factors. This helps determine the potential locations where accidents may occur, their frequency, severity levels, and related outcomes, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating safety countermeasures. 5.6 Safety countermeasures and recommendations
Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative evaluations, technical and management measures as well as recommendations for eliminating or mitigating hazardous and harmful factors are proposed. Safety countermeasures should include the following aspects: (1) Safety measures regarding site layout and architecture ； ⑵Safety measures regarding processes, equipment, and installations ； ⑶Countermeasures in the design of safety engineering ； ⑷Countermeasures and measures in terms of safety management ； ⑸Other comprehensive measures to be taken. 5.7 Conclusions of the safety pre-evaluation
Briefly list the evaluation results regarding major hazardous and harmful factors; identify the significant hazardous and harmful factors that require special attention in the construction project; specify the important safety countermeasures that should be emphasized. Finally, provide a conclusion as to whether the construction project complies with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards from the perspective of work safety. 5.8 Preparation of the safety pre-evaluation report
The safety pre-evaluation report shall include the following key contents:
5.8.1 Overview
(1) Basis for the safety pre-evaluation
Laws, regulations, and technical standards related to safety pre-evaluation ； Documents related to construction projects, such as feasibility study reports for construction projects ； Other materials referred to in the safety pre-assessment. ⑵Introduction to the construction unit ⑶ Overview of the construction project Site selection, general layout and plan arrangement of the construction project, production scale, process flow, main equipment, major raw materials, intermediates, products, economic and technical indicators, as well as utility systems and auxiliary facilities. 5.8.2 Brief introduction to the production process
5.8.3 Methods of safety pre-evaluation and evaluation units
(1) Brief introduction to safety pre-evaluation methods
(2) Determination of evaluation units
5.8.4 Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
(1) Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
(2) Analysis of evaluation results
5.8.5 Safety countermeasures and recommendations
(1) Safety countermeasures proposed in the feasibility study report
(2) Additional safety countermeasures and recommendations
5.8.6 Conclusions of the safety pre-evaluation
6 Review and management of the safety pre-evaluation report
The construction entity shall, in accordance with relevant requirements, submit the safety pre-evaluation report to a competent industry organization or an intermediary agency possessing the necessary qualifications, so that experts can conduct a technical review. The expert review panel will then provide their review opinions. After revising and improving the pre-evaluation report based on the review comments, the pre-evaluation unit shall have the construction unit submit it to the relevant work safety supervision and management department for the record as required. 7 Format of the Safety Pre-Evaluation Report
7.1 Cover (see Appendix C)
7.2 Photocopy of the qualification certificate for safety pre-evaluation
7.3 Descriptive items (see Appendix D)
7.4 Table of contents
7.5 Instructions on preparation
7.6 Foreword
7.7 Main text
7.8 Attachments
7.9 Appendices
Appendix A:
Reference list of documents provided by the construction entity
A.1 Comprehensive information regarding the construction project
1.1 General information about the construction entity
1.2 Overview of the construction project
1.3 General layout plan of the construction project
1.4 Map showing the relationship between the construction project and its surrounding environment
1.5 Process flow diagram and material balance chart of the construction project
1.6 Meteorological conditions
A.2 Basis for the design of the construction project
2.1 Approval documents for the initiation of the construction project
2.2 Geological and hydrological data serving as basis for the project design
2.3 Other relevant safety-related data used as basis for the project design
A.3 Design documents for the construction project
3.1 Feasibility study report of the construction project
3.2 Other design documents related to renovation or expansion projects
A.4 Information on safety facilities, equipment, processes, and materials
4.1 Description and explanation of process steps within the production process
4.2 Description and explanation of safety systems within the production process
4.3 Data tables concerning major facilities, equipment, and processes in the production system
4.4 Information on raw materials, intermediate products, final products, and other materials
A.5 Organization structure and staffing arrangements for safety management
A.6 Estimated investment required for specific safety measures
A.7 Historical monitoring data and records
A.8 Other materials that can be utilized for safety evaluation of the construction project
Appendix B:
Commonly used methods for safety pre-evaluation
B.1 Methods for evaluating factors contributing to accidents
1) On-site expert questioning and observation method
2) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
3) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
4) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
5) Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
6) Safety checklist method
7) Factor diagram analysis method
8) Analysis of accident causation and development
9) Sequential accident evaluation method
10) Multiple-series failure analysis method
11) Dual comparison method
12) Work task analysis method
13) Cause-and-effect (fishbone) diagram analysis method
B.2 Methods capable of classifying hazard levels
1) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
2) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
3) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
4) Logical tree analysis
5) Risk matrix evaluation method
6) Safety level evaluation method
7) Risk tolerance evaluation method
8) Dow Fire and Explosion Index method
9) Mond Fire, Explosion, and Toxicity Index method
10) Six-stage evaluation method proposed by Japan’s Ministry of Labour
11) Quantitative evaluation method for chemical process hazards in the former Soviet Union
12) Fuzzy matrix method
13) Direct numerical estimation method
14) Human cognitive reliability analysis method
15) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese chemical plants
16) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese metallurgical plants
17) Classification method for hazard levels in Chinese smelting plants
18) Identification method for major hazard sources
19) Job Condition Risk Assessment method (Graham-Kinney method)
20) Evaluation method combining “Safety Checklist – Hazard Index Evaluation – System Safety Analysis”
21) Statistical chart analysis method
B.3 Methods capable of predicting accident consequences
1) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
2) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
3) Logical tree analysis
4) Probabilistic theoretical analysis
5) Markov model analysis
6) Dow Fire and Explosion Index method
7) Mond Fire, Explosion, and Toxicity Index method
8) Six-stage evaluation method proposed by Japan’s Ministry of Labour
9) Quantitative evaluation method for chemical process hazards in the former Soviet Union
10) Fuzzy matrix method
11) Success probability index method
12) Safeti evaluation method
13) Evaluation method for major flammable, explosive, and toxic hazard sources
14) Evaluation method combining “Safety Checklist – Hazard Index Evaluation – System Safety Analysis”
15) Statistical chart analysis method
16) Safety evaluation method for mining engineering
17) Matrix evaluation method for tailings ponds
18) Liquid leakage model
19) Gas leakage model
20) Adiabatic diffusion model
21) Evaluation model for flame intensity and radiation from pool fires
22) Model for assessing injuries caused by fireball explosions
23) Model for assessing injuries due to overpressure from explosion shockwaves
24) Model for assessing damage caused by overpressure during vapor cloud explosions
25) Model for predicting dispersion of toxic substances following a leak
26) TNT equivalent method for assessing injuries caused by boiler explosions
Appendix C:
Format of the cover page for safety pre-evaluation reports
C.1 Layout of the cover page
The text in the first two lines of the cover page indicates the name of the construction entity ； The text on the third line of the cover is the name of the construction project ； The fourth line of text on the cover states that the report title is “Safety Pre-Evaluation Report” ； The two bottom lines on the cover indicate the name of the safety assessment agency and the serial number of its safety assessment qualification certificate, respectively. C.2 Cover sample The cover sample is shown in Figure C.1. Name of the construction entity
Name of the construction project
Safety pre-evaluation report
Name of the evaluation agency
Certificate number of the safety evaluation agency’s qualifications
Figure C.1: Sample cover page of the safety pre-evaluation report
Appendix D:
Format of entry fields
D.1 Layout
Entry fields such as “Legal representative of the evaluation agency, main members of the research team, and reviewers” are generally arranged on two pages. On the first page, the names of the main responsible persons are listed, including the legal representative of the evaluation agency (as stated in its business license), the person who reviewed and finalized the report (who should be the technical head of the agency), and the leader of the research team (who should be the head of the evaluation team). Below this, the date when the report was completed is indicated, along with a designated area for stamping the official seal of the evaluation agency (as per its safety evaluation qualification certificate) ； The second page lists the evaluators (based on their safety evaluator qualification certificates, with registration numbers indicated), various technical experts (who should be members of the evaluation agency’s expert pool), and other relevant responsible persons. Both the evaluators and technical experts must sign by hand. D.2 Sample pages The example entries are shown in Figures D.1 and D.2. Name of the construction unit or name of the construction project Safety Pre-assessment Report Legal representative: As specified in the assessment agency’s business license Final approval: Technical director of the assessment agency Project leader: Head of the assessment team Date of completion of the assessment report (Seal of the assessment agency) Sample of the first page containing the citation details, Figure D.1 Assessment personnel Team leader: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature Team members: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature Report compiler: *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature, *** (Qualification certificate number: APR-****-****) – signature