Gasification Daily Question: 2016-12-7 Safety Emergency Question (5 points for participation, 10 points for a correct answer)
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This post was last edited by tfx511024 on 2016-12-8 at 12:19. Daily question on gasification: Safety emergency question for 2016-12-7 (5 points for participation, 10 points for a correct answer). For coal gasification, the most dangerous hazard in production is CO poisoning; let’s review then the best methods for dealing with CO poisoning and the essential safety equipment required Different people have different views. Having been involved in gasification production for several years, I have also experienced emergency situations such as leaks and CO poisoning; the more I work in this field, the more fearful I become. Therefore, my views are somewhat subjective, and these are just my personal opinions for your reference: Prevention in advance: Preventing accidents is of utmost importance. How to do that? 1. The ventilation system at the site should be designed properly, with air intake on one side and exhaust on the other ； 2. Install CO/H2 gas alarms appropriately, and the control room staff should promptly notify the personnel on site via walkie-talkie when an alarm is triggered; 3. Personnel who enter the site for inspections must wear CO alarms, which should be worn on the chest so that alarms can be seen and heard ； 4. Cameras should be installed on each floor; in the event of a leak, if it is not possible to enter immediately, the cameras can be used to detect the situation in advance ； 5. It’s best to use walkie-talkies at the site; mobile phones are not explosion-proof ； 6. Prepare medical oxygen cylinders and oxygen concentrators (at least 5–6 sets per workshop, and at least 20 sets throughout the entire factory), and regularly check the pressure ； 7. Place emergency phone numbers in prominent locations. 8. Any leakage points should be eliminated promptly ； 9. Ensure proper isolation during maintenance ； 10. Operate in accordance with safety regulations ； 11. When working in confined spaces, it is necessary to ensure adequate oxygen levels, maintain proper ventilation, and wear alarms for CO, O2, and H2S. In the event of an accident, there are several key points to follow for handling it: a. In the case of a leak with no people trapped, 1. Improve ventilation immediately to reduce the concentration ； 2. The approximate location can be determined using the on-site gas detectors. Ensure that the positive-pressure air respirators are in good condition; work in pairs, with two additional teams standing by as backups. Also, keep several gas cylinders on hand for use at the site. Mobile phones must not be used (CO leaks are often accompanied by H2 leaks, and H2 has a very low ignition energy) ； 3. Decide whether to stop the vehicle based on on-site assessment. b. In case of a leak with people trapped: 1. Cut off the source of the leak ； 2. At the same time, carry a \"positive-pressure air respirator\" to quickly rescue the poisoned individuals and move them to an area with good ventilation and free from CO ； 3. Immediately have the poisoned person use a portable oxygen concentrator to breathe pure oxygen, with a continuous supply of oxygen ； 4. Count the personnel on site ； 5. Contact emergency services to send help. My thoughts: The staff in hospitals may not have the same first-hand experience in emergency treatment as we do; in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, it is essential to administer pure oxygen right away, as it can have a life-saving effect. Otherwise, let the doctors do it.
Leave the poisoned environment; use an air respirator
Key points for first aid in carbon monoxide poisoning: ① Immediately open doors and windows to allow air circulation, and leave the contaminated area as soon as possible. ②With spontaneous breathing, oxygen should be administered in sufficient amounts; those who need it should be given oxygen therapy. ③With stopped breathing and heartbeat, perform artificial respiration and chest compressions immediately. ④Call the 120 emergency service. ⑤Strive to undergo hyperbaric oxygen therapy as soon as possible to reduce sequelae. Equipment: oxygen respirator, oxygen tank, self-contained breathing apparatus.
(1) Poisoning and suffocation accidents can be divided into two scenarios: one is entering enclosed spaces such as equipment, containers, tanks, and ditches to carry out tasks like inspections, maintenance, emergency repairs, leak sealing, and rescue operations； The second is the emergency repair and leak sealing operations for leakage incidents. (2) When working in a confined space and the supervisor or others detect cases of poisoning or suffocation, they must not rush in to carry out rescue efforts; instead, they must immediately apply all the first-aid measures that were prepared before starting the work. Use ventilation equipment, gas masks, ropes, ladders, and so on. In the event of a fire, suffocating extinguishers such as carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride should not be used to put it out. In short, the accident must not be allowed to spread. (3) For rescue operations in areas where toxic substances have leaked, first don protective gear against toxins, fully open doors and windows for ventilation, and carry such protective gear to equip the responders and victims, assisting them or rescuing them from the contaminated area. During the rescue process, care must be taken to prevent secondary disasters such as static electricity, fires, and explosions. (4) Transfer the injured to a well-ventilated area and loosen their clothing. When the injured person’s breathing stops, perform artificial respiration ； When the heart stops beating, perform chest compressions to help restore breathing automatically ； (5) Transport to the nearest hospital for treatment as soon as possible, or call the emergency number 120
The injured person is moved to a well-ventilated area; their clothes are loosened to allow for better ventilation. If breathing and heartbeat have stopped, artificial respiration and chest compressions must be carried out immediately. Oxygen therapy as well as treatment in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber is also necessary
1. Move the patient to a well-ventilated area with fresh air, and pay attention to keeping them warm. 2. Keep the airways clear and remove secretions from the mouth and nose; if respiratory arrest is detected, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately along with external chest compressions. 3. Administer oxygen immediately; if possible, transfer the patient to a hospital’s hyperbaric oxygen chamber for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially for patients with moderate to severe gas poisoning. This not only helps to revive the patient but also reduces the risk of complications. 4. Immediately administer 50 milliliters of 50% glucose solution intravenously, along with 500–1000 milligrams of vitamin C. For patients with mild to moderate conditions, it can be used for 2 consecutive days, 1–2 times per day; it not only replenishes energy but also helps counteract dehydration, and its early use can prevent or reduce cerebral edema.
Quickly move the patient away from the scene to a well-ventilated area, loosen their collar, keep them warm, and closely monitor their level of consciousness. Hyperbaric oxygen
(1) CO poisoning and suffocation accidents can be divided into two scenarios: one is entering enclosed spaces such as equipment, containers, tanks, and ditches for tasks like inspections, maintenance, emergency repairs, leak sealing, and rescue operations； The second is the emergency repair and leak sealing operations for leakage incidents. (2) When working in a confined space and the supervisor or others detect cases of poisoning or suffocation, they must not rush in to carry out rescue efforts; instead, they must immediately apply all the first-aid measures that were prepared before starting the work. Use ventilation equipment, gas masks, ropes, ladders, and so on. In the event of a fire, suffocating extinguishers such as carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride should not be used to put it out. In short, the accident must not be allowed to spread. (3) For rescue operations in areas where toxic substances have leaked, first don protective gear against toxins, fully open doors and windows for ventilation, and carry such protective gear to equip the responders and victims, assisting them or rescuing them from the contaminated area. During the rescue process, care must be taken to prevent secondary disasters such as static electricity, fires, and explosions. (4) Transfer the injured to a well-ventilated area and loosen their clothing. When the injured person’s breathing stops, perform artificial respiration ； When the heart stops beating, perform chest compressions to help restore breathing automatically ； (5) Send the patient to the nearest hospital for treatment as soon as possible, or call the emergency number 120. When calling for help, it is necessary to provide the “three key details”: ● Specify the exact address of the factory area where the critically ill patient is located ； ●Explain the nature of the disaster, the number of injured, and the causes of the injuries ； It explains the cause of poisoning or suffocation, to help the hospital prepare for emergency treatment. ●State the name and phone number of the person who reported it. After making the call to the medical services, one should go to the intersection immediately to wait for the ambulance. (Note: Do not hang up the phone first.) Be careful to prevent shock before and during the escort. Handle the patient gently and move smoothly to minimize their pain.
1 First aid on site: Immediately move the patient away from the area where poisoning occurred and place them in fresh air; or open doors and windows to ensure good ventilation as soon as possible. At the same time, undo the patient’s collar and buttons, loosen the belt to allow smooth breathing, and provide oxygen as soon as possible. 2. Administer oxygen immediately: For those with mild poisoning, nasal cannula oxygen therapy can be used; for those with moderate to severe poisoning, high-flow oxygen therapy via a face mask should be administered promptly, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be given as soon as possible if conditions permit. 3. Intravenous infusion of hydrogen peroxide or the use of medications such as intravenous oxygen: 4. Reducing intracranial pressure: Infusion of 20% mannitol mixed with 50% glucose solution, or intravenous administration of furosemide. 5. Adrenocortical steroids: These can reduce the body’s stress response, decrease capillary permeability, and help alleviate cerebral edema. 6 Antioxidants (free radical scavengers): They can improve cellular metabolism and have a dehydrating effect on brain cells. Such as vitamin C; brain cell enhancers: adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, cytochrome c, Piracetam, etc. 9 Calcium channel blockers: They can prevent calcium ions from entering cells, dilate blood vessels, and improve cerebral blood flow. Nimodipine 10: Correction of acid-base balance: 11. Sedation and hibernation therapy: For patients with frequent seizures, extreme restlessness, or high fever, sedatives such as diazepam can be used, or hibernation therapy may be applied. 12. Prevention and timely control of infections: 13. Central nervous system stimulants: These aid in the metabolism and functional recovery of the brain, increasing central nervous system excitability to accelerate awakening. Chloroacetone, citicoline. 14 Application of new drugs: Nalotond: Nalotond is a pure antagonist of the *.* receptors in the body. It competes with these receptors for binding sites, blocking and replacing *.*-like substances from attaching to them, thereby reducing the concentration of beta-endorphins. This leads to a strong stimulating effect, improves cerebral hypoxia, increases respiratory rate, and effectively prevents the occurrence of pulmonary edema, shock, and respiratory depression. Xingnaojing: The traditional Chinese medicine Xingnaojing has a favorable effect in promoting awakening in patients comatose due to CO poisoning. Xingnaojing is derived from the traditional prescription Angong Niuhuang Wan, and it has the effects of refreshing the mind, stopping convulsions, clearing heat and stopping bleeding, as well as detoxifying and relieving pain. Generally, on top of conventional medications, 20 ml of Xingnaojing is administered by intravenous infusion once a day.
1. Move the patient to a well-ventilated area with fresh air, and pay attention to keeping them warm. 2. Keep the airways clear and remove secretions from the mouth and nose; if respiratory arrest is detected, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately along with external chest compressions. 3. Administer oxygen immediately; if possible, transfer the patient to a hospital’s hyperbaric oxygen chamber for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially for patients with moderate to severe gas poisoning. This not only helps to revive the patient but also reduces the risk of complications. 4. Immediately administer 50 milliliters of 50% glucose solution intravenously, along with 500–1000 milligrams of vitamin C. For patients with mild to moderate conditions, it can be used for 2 consecutive days, 1–2 times per day; it not only replenishes energy but also helps counteract dehydration, and its early use can prevent or reduce cerebral edema.
First aid on site: Immediately move the patient away from the area where poisoning occurred and place them in fresh air, or open doors and windows to ensure good ventilation as soon as possible. At the same time, undo the patient’s collar and buttons, loosen the belt to allow smooth breathing, and provide oxygen as soon as possible. Safety equipment: CO detector, positive-pressure respirator, gas mask, stretcher