Weekly topic on ammonia synthesis: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using solid and liquid sulfiding agents for low-temperature catalyst sulfidation?
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As the title suggests: What are the differences between using solid and liquid vulcanizing agents during the vulcanization of low-temperature catalysts, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? All sea friends are encouraged to participate actively; please do not reply secretly. :handshake
When using carbon disulfide as a vulcanizing agent, a carbon disulfide tank is required, and nitrogen or a metering pump must be used to feed it into the conversion furnace. When filling the carbon disulfide tank, operators need to wear respirators, rubber gloves, and protective goggles; carbon disulfide is toxic and flammable. Using solid vulcanizing agents is relatively safer, as it eliminates these problems.
Liquid carbon disulfide has an extremely low ignition point of only 46.5 degrees; it is used as a vulcanizing agent with a catalyst for pre-vulcanization. Carbon disulfide is highly flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air over a wide range of concentrations. It can explode and catch fire upon contact with heat, sparks, flames, or oxidizers. Upon heating, it decomposes to produce toxic sulfide fumes. High-speed impact, flow, and turbulence can lead to combustion and explosion due to the generation of static electric spark discharges. Its vapor is heavier than air, allowing it to spread over considerable distances at lower levels; it can ignite and cause backdraft when exposed to an open flame. Carbon disulfide is also a toxin that damages nerves and blood vessels. In cases of mild poisoning, there are symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and irritation of the eye and nasal mucosa ； Moderate poisoning still presents with symptoms of intoxication ； Severe poisoning can present with a short period of excitement, followed by delirium, coma, and loss of consciousness, accompanied by tonic and clonic convulsions. Death can occur due to paralysis of the respiratory center. Severe poisoning can leave behind neurasthenic syndrome, as well as permanent damage to the central and peripheral nerves. Symptoms of chronic poisoning include neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, multiple peripheral neuropathies, and toxic encephalopathy.