Who knows the design specifications for π-type expansion joints or relevant books?

There is no criterion for type π; only empirical charts exist. The dimensions of the π type are not fixed; they can be adjusted according to actual conditions, as long as the stress remains within acceptable limits and the layout appears aesthetically pleasing.

But I still don’t have any experience charts or anything like that. I can calculate the value of thermal expansion, but I don’t know how to determine it further. Do any experts have relevant resource links?

The power pipeline design manual can be referred to, but in actual design, the size of the square bends and the location of the supports should be determined by taking into account factors such as the expansion amount of the pipelines, the thrust exerted by the supports, and the available installation space

This generally relies on experience, as the specifics of each project are different. In simple terms, it involves issues such as thermal displacement of supports and hangers, stress on joints, and installation choices. 1. First, determine the maximum displacement of the node. The standard lengths for pipe supports in the chemical industry are 300 mm and 450 mm, with corresponding displacements of 50 mm and 125 mm. Tube supports can be extended to increase the two-way displacement, or they can be positioned offset to increase the one-way displacement; beginners should use standard tube supports and avoid offset positioning ； 2. Then, modeling and calculations are carried out to ensure that the thermal stress meets the requirements; subsequently, it is checked whether the displacement of each node is within the specified range ； 3. Verify whether the stress on the fixing points meets the requirements; the formulas for calculating these stress requirements can be found in the pipe rack manual. 4. Additionally, it is important to install guide supports for long straight pipes; the requirements in SH/T 3073 can be used as a reference, but it is not necessary to follow them exactly – my square-type compensators differ somewhat from those specified in SH/T 3073. 5. There is also the lateral displacement of the sliding frame; sufficient space must be available at the base of the pipe support to allow it to move laterally. Therefore, the design requirements for square compensators are in line with the pipe rack manuals, that is, the balance between the displacement of the joints and the forces acting on the fixed points. In addition, attention must be paid to the specific installation details of each joint, to ensure that they can slide smoothly during thermal displacement.

Many pipeline manuals contain experience charts; if the company has specialists in external lines, you can consult them. Additionally, “Stress Analysis of Industrial Pipelines and Its Engineering Applications” contains an introduction to π, which I find to be quite comprehensive