Causes and preventive measures for scaling in ammonia-soda distillation towers

This is mainly caused by the introduction of sulfate ions from raw salt. For calcium sulfate to precipitate, the ion product of calcium and sulfate ions must exceed their solubility product, or a supersaturated solution of calcium sulfate must be formed. The crystal forms of the scale in the distillation tower originate from the conversion between anhydrous calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. When calcium sulfate hemihydrate and calcium sulfate dihydrate undergo dehydration to form the anhydrous form, their surface activity reaches its maximum level, making it easy for scale to form on the vessel walls. This is the mechanism behind scale formation in distillation towers. Preventive and control measures can be formulated based on the aforementioned causes; broadly speaking, they can be summarized as follows: strictly controlling the introduction of sulfate into raw salt ； Raise the preheating temperature to 101°C or keep the maximum temperature throughout the tower below 93°C; in other words, avoid the critical temperature at which the crystal form undergoes a transition ； Increase the volume of the pre-liming tank to enhance stirring ； Increase the carbon dioxide content in the preheated mother liquor or add condensate to the preheated mother liquor ； Adding surfactants to alter the scab formation process ； Adding calcium carbonate seeds to the pre-liming tank causes anhydrous calcium sulfate to precipitate ； The use of the common ion effect leads to the formation of calcium sulfate scale in the pre-liming tank ； Grinding and sieving the lime milk can reduce sand particle deposition, which in turn minimizes the formation of scaling inside the tower.

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