【Daily Discussion】Utilities - Water Supply and Drainage - 20200808

I. Meeting optimal hydraulic conditions 1. The supply pipeline layout should be as short and straight as possible. 2. To make full use of the water pressure in the outdoor water supply network, the water supply inlet pipe shall be installed at the location where water consumption is highest or where uninterrupted water supply is required. 3. The main indoor water supply pipe should be located near the areas with the highest water consumption or where uninterrupted water supply is required. II. Meeting maintenance and aesthetic requirements 1. Pipes should be laid as straightly as possible along walls, beams, and columns. 2. For buildings with high aesthetic requirements, water supply pipes may be concealed within pipe ducts, pipe shafts, trenches, and suspended ceilings. 3. For ease of maintenance, each floor of the shaft should be equipped with a maintenance door. For pipes concealed in ceilings or conduit trays, access panels shall be provided at valve locations. 4. The installation location of indoor pipes should have sufficient space to facilitate the removal and replacement of accessories. 5. The water supply inlet pipe shall have a slope of not less than 0.003, leading either to the outdoor water supply network or to the valve chamber and meter chamber, in order to allow the drainage of accumulated water during maintenance. III. Ensuring safety in production and use 1. The location of water supply pipes must not interfere with production operations, traffic, or the use of buildings. 2. Water supply pipes shall not be installed above areas where water could cause combustion, explosion, or damage to raw materials, products, and equipment, and they should avoid passing above production equipment as much as possible. 3. Water supply pipes must not pass through shop display windows, wardrobes in residential buildings, or wooden finishes. 4. For workshops and buildings where water interruption is not permitted, two water supply inlet pipes shall be installed; indoors, they shall be connected in a loop or form a branched bidirectional water supply system. 5. For buildings equipped with two inlet pipes, they shall be introduced from different sides of the outdoor loop network. If it is not possible and water supply interruptions are not allowed, one of the following measures to ensure a safe water supply should be adopted: 1) No storage tank or water reservoir. 2) Use a circulating feedwater system when possible. 3) Introduce from the same side of the ring network, but the distance between the two inlet pipes must be no less than 10 M; in addition, gates should be installed on the outdoor water supply pipeline between the connection points, as shown in Figure 1.4–3. IV. Protection of pipelines from damage 1. Buried water supply pipelines should be avoided from being placed in areas where they may be crushed by heavy objects. Pipes shall not pass through the foundations of production equipment ； In special circumstances, such as when crossing is unavoidable, consultations with relevant professionals should be conducted. 2. Water supply pipes shall not be laid in drainage ditches, flues, and air ducts, nor shall they pass through toilet bowls and small troughs. 3. The horizontal distance between the outer wall of the water supply inlet pipe and the indoor drainage pipe should not be less than 1.0 M. 4. The minimum allowable distance between the outer walls of water supply pipes and drainage pipes laid parallel or intersecting within a building shall be 0.5 M and 0.15 M respectively (when laid intersecting, the water supply pipes should preferably be above the drainage pipes). 5. The horizontal water supply pipes should have a slope of 0.0027 to 0.005 towards the drain device. 6. When water pipes pass through floor slabs, it is advisable to pre-prepare holes to avoid having to drill into the slab surface during installation. The size of the holes is generally 50–100 MM larger than the diameter of the pipe passing through them. Pipe passages through floor slabs shall be provided with sleeves. 7. Holes should be provided where the water supply pipes pass through load-bearing walls or foundations, and the clear height above the roof should be at least equal to the building’s settlement amount, generally not less than 0.1 M. 8. It is advisable to lay it in a sleeve through the water supply pipes beneath railways or underground structures. 9. Water supply pipes should not pass through expansion joints, settlement joints, and seismic joints; when it is necessary to do so, effective measures must be taken.