The difference between explosion-proof walls and blast venting walls

II. Provisions regarding explosion-proof walls in the codes: Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB 50016-2014 (2018 edition): 3.3.5 Employee dormitories are strictly prohibited from being located within factory buildings. Offices, rest rooms, etc. should not be located within Class A or Class B factories; if it is necessary for them to be adjacent to such factories, their fire resistance rating must be at least Grade 2, and they should be separated from the factories by explosion-proof walls with a fire resistance limit of no less than 3.00 hours. Furthermore, an independent safety exit should be provided. Explanation of the provision: This provision is mandatory. In China, buildings that combine accommodation with production, storage, and business operations (commonly known as “three-in-one” buildings) have caused numerous severe fires, offering a profound lesson. In explosions that occur during Class A and Class B production processes, the shock waves possess great destructive power; ordinary brick walls are hardly capable of withstanding them. Even if the fire resistance rating of such walls is high, they lose their protective function once damaged. To ensure personal safety, rest rooms, offices, and similar facilities should not be installed in buildings where there is a risk of explosion. If their installation is necessary due to constraints, partitions made of materials capable of withstanding the effects of such explosions should be used. An explosion-proof wall is a solid wall that is capable of maintaining the protective performance specified in the design when subjected to explosive shock waves on either side of it and reaches the designed pressure. Common methods for blast-resistant walls include reinforced concrete walls, reinforced brick walls, and steel-wood panels with sand filling. The design of explosion-proof walls should take into account factors such as the potential explosion overpressure in the production area, the size of the pressure relief area, the probability of explosions, as well as other explosion-proof measures employed in the process and building design, along with construction costs. \"Code for Explosion Protection Design of Civil Buildings\" T/CECS 736-2020: 2.1.32 Explosion-proof wall: A wall that has the ability to resist explosive shock waves and can limit the damage caused by explosions to a certain area. 10.5.1 Explosion-proof walls can be made of reinforced concrete walls, steel plate walls, or reinforced masonry walls. 10.5.2 The thickness of reinforced concrete blast-resistant walls shall not be less than 200 mm, the concrete strength grade shall not be lower than C30, and the reinforcement design and construction requirements shall comply with the provisions of Section 8.2 of this standard. 10.5.3 The steel plate explosion-proof wall can be a single-layer or double-layer steel plate wall; the thickness of the steel plates shall not be less than 6 mm. Longitudinal and transverse stiffening ribs shall be provided, with a spacing of not more than 1.8 m, and they shall be reliably welded to the steel plates. 10.5.4 The thickness of reinforced masonry blast walls shall not be less than 240 mm; a reinforced concrete outer frame shall be provided, with double-direction steel reinforcement grids arranged on one or both sides of the wall. The width and height of the wall should not exceed 6 m; if they do exceed 6 m, structural columns or beams shall be added ； The reinforcement design and construction requirements for the outer frame, bidirectional rebar mesh, and structural columns or beams shall comply with the provisions of Section 8.2 of this standard. 10.5.5 Outdoor explosion-proof walls shall have a reinforced concrete foundation; the thickness of this foundation shall be greater than that of the explosion-proof wall and shall not be less than 200 mm. The strength grade of the concrete shall not be lower than C30, and the depth of embedding shall not be less than 1 m. The reinforcement details shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current standard \"Code for Design of Concrete Structures\" GB50010 ； The vertical reinforcement in reinforced concrete walls and reinforced masonry walls shall extend to the bottom of the foundation and be securely anchored there ； The steel plate wall shall extend into the foundation by not less than 300 mm, and shall be reliably welded to the vertical reinforcement of the foundation. 10.5.6 Interior explosion-proof walls shall be made of non-combustible materials, with a fire resistance rating of not less than 4 hours, and they should not be used as load-bearing walls. 10.5.7 Explosion-proof walls should avoid having openings; if openings are unavoidable, reinforcement measures shall be taken at those locations.

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