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I. The standards are in accordance with \"Guidelines for standardization work – Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standard documents\" GB/T 11-2020: 1. Standards are documents that are established through standardization activities, following prescribed procedures and through consensus-building; they provide rules, guidelines, or specifications for various activities or outcomes, for use on a common and repeated basis. 2. International standardization documents include categories such as standards, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical reports, guidelines, and certain parts of documents. 3. Based on the standardization object, standards can be classified into product standards, process standards, and service standards. 4. Standards are classified into term standards, symbol standards, classification standards, testing standards, specification standards, procedure standards, and guideline standards according to the functions of their standard content. (1) Specification standards: Standards that define the requirements to be met for products, processes, or services, and describe the verification methods used to determine whether those requirements have been satisfied. (2) Procedure standards, which specify clear procedures for the course of an activity and describe the standards for traceability/verification methods used to determine whether those procedures have been followed. (3) Guideline standards, which provide general, principled, and directional guidance on a particular topic based on appropriate background knowledge, or offer relevant suggestions or information as well. 5. What are the characteristics of standards? From the conceptual perspective of standards, they possess four characteristics: forward-looking nature, scientific basis, **ness, and authority. (1) Prospective nature: A standard is a document that “establishes common and reusable rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their outcomes,” reflecting not only the future direction of standard-setting but also its purpose. (2) Scientificity: The standards are established based on the comprehensive outcomes of science, technology, and practical experience. (3) **Objectivity:** The standards should be \"developed through consensus.\" During the standard-setting process, all relevant parties involved need to reach a unified opinion on the contents specified in the standards, thereby ensuring a holistic, socially responsible approach and fairness, which reflects the **objectivity** of the standards. The more prominent the standard’s **sexual aspect is, the more vibrant the standard becomes. (4) Authority: Standards are “approved by a recognized body”. II. Standards and regulations: Standards are a set of rules regarding technical aspects such as design, construction, manufacturing, and inspection in industrial and agricultural production as well as in engineering projects. It is a standard that arises mainly due to the inability to quantify accurately; therefore, it is called a norm. Specifications are unified regulations that set out the technical requirements and implementation procedures for operations, installation, verification, safety, management, etc. Procedures can also be defined as the application of certain standards, requirements, and regulations to work processes. III. What are the differences and connections between standards, specifications, and procedures? Within the framework of the standard system, specifications and procedures both possess the characteristics of standards; the difference lies merely in their forms of expression. As long as the conditions are met, it qualifies as standard. Standards, specifications, and regulations are all forms of standards; they are conventionally referred to collectively as standards, with distinctions being made only when dealing with specific subjects. 1. When referring to basic standards for products, methods, symbols, concepts, etc., the term “standard” is generally used: such as the \"Standards for Geotechnical Testing Methods\", the \"Standards for Quality Inspection and Evaluation of Unit Projects in Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering\", the \"Standards for Road Engineering\", and the \"Standards for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures\", etc.; 2. When regulations are established for general technical aspects such as engineering survey, planning, design, and construction. Generally, \"codes\" are used: such as the \"Code for Design of Sluices\", the \"Code for Construction of Hydraulic Concrete\", the \"Code for Fire Protection in Building Design\", the \"Technical Code for Cement Grouting in Hydraulic Structures\", and the \"Code for Construction and Acceptance of Masonry Works\", etc. 3. When specific technical requirements related to operations, processes, management, etc. are involved, \"procedures\" are generally employed, such as the \"Procedure for Air Pressure Welding of Steel Bars\", the \"Procedure for Testing Geosynthetic Materials\", and the \"Procedure for Rock Testing in Water Resources and Hydropower Projects\", etc. Simply put: standards are the requirements and specifications for outcomes (or products); regulations are the requirements and specifications for behaviors and conditions; procedures are the requirements and specifications for processes.