Why can △p/p1=0.5 be used to determine whether the flow is saturated
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Many studies state directly that △p/p1≥0.5, indicating flow saturation. Isn’t traffic saturation the boundary of choked flow? The determination of flow obstruction is not based on △P≤△Pc (where △Pc refers to the pressure difference before and after the valve at the point when flow obstruction occurs); conversely, if △P > △Pc, then there is flow obstruction.
So, the formula △p/p1=0.5 is used to determine whether the flow rate is saturated; where does this formula come from? Many documents do not provide the process and simply quote it
Further inquiries revealed that when △Pv≥0.5P1, it indicates significant flashing, which in turn leads to choked flow. But does choked flow necessarily result in flashing?