How to calculate the instantaneous flow rate of compressed gas exiting through a small orifice
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In a steel spherical container with a diameter of 1 meter and a wall thickness of 8 millimeters, compressed air is filled inside it; the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the container is 0.1 MPa. Then, a small hole with a diameter of 3 mm is drilled in the container. As air is ejected through this hole, air continues to be pumped into the container while keeping the pressure difference at 0.1 MPa. How can the instantaneous flow rate of air exiting through the hole be calculated? What effect would it have if different gases with varying densities, such as hydrogen or propane, were used in place of the gas? What effect does changing the pressure difference inside and outside the container, such as 1 MPa or 0.01 MPa, have on the results? What effect does changing the container wall thickness, for example to 3mm or 30mm, have on the results?
Hydrogen/propane is always ready to be ejected – do you want to build a rocket?
It usually directly addresses the goal to be achieved in case of problems, and describes the process phenomena in detail to facilitate discussion. It is best to avoid anything that includes personal analysis or embellishments, as this leads to speculative remarks and fails to provide effective explanations for reference.
m is the square root of acx (density x pressure), with a value between 0.6 and 0.8