--Common materials for casings

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Shell material, standard, applicable temperature/°C, applicable pressure/MPa, applicable medium: Gray cast iron –15～200, ≤1.6; water, gas. Ductile iron with black heart –15～300, ≤2.5; water, seawater, gas, ammonia. Ball cast iron –30～350, ≤4.0; water, seawater, gas, air, steam. Carbon steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) ASTM A216 –29～425, ≤32.0; non-corrosive applications, including water, oil, and gas. Low-temperature carbon steel (LCB, LCC) ASTM A352 –46～345, ≤32.0; low-temperature applications. Alloy steel (WC6, WC9) (C5, C12) ASTM A217 –29～595, –29～650; high-pressure non-corrosive media, corrosive media. Austenitic stainless steel ASTM A351 –196～600; corrosive media. Monel alloy ASTM A494; media containing hydrofluoric acid. Hastelloy ASTM A494; highly corrosive media such as dilute sulfuric acid. Titanium alloys; various highly corrosive media. Cast copper alloys –273～200; oxygen, seawater. Plastics, ceramics –60, ≤1.6; corrosive media.

Code, Material Standard, Applicable Conditions, Temperature Range: WCB, carbon steel, ASTM A216; non-corrosive applications, including water, oil, and gas, –29°C to +425°C. LCB, low-temperature carbon steel, ASTM A352; low-temperature applications, –46°C to +345°C. LC3, 33.5% nickel steel, ASTM A352; low-temperature applications, –101°C to +340°C. WC6, 1.25% chromium, 0.5% molybdenum steel, ASTM A217; non-corrosive applications, including water, oil, and gas, –30°C to +593°C. WC9, 2.25% chromium, C5, 5% chromium, 0.5% molybdenum, ASTM A217; mildly corrosive or erosive applications as well as non-corrosive applications, –30°C to +649°C. C12, 9% chromium, 1% molybdenum. CA15(4), 12% chromium steel, ASTM A217; corrosive applications, +704°C. CA6NM(4), 12% chromium steel, ASTM A487; corrosive applications, –30°C to +482°C. CF8M, 316 stainless steel, ASTM A351; corrosive or ultra-low/high-temperature non-corrosive applications, from –268°C to +649°C; carbon content of 0.04% or more required above 425°C. CF8C, 347 stainless steel, ASTM A351; mainly for high-temperature, corrosive applications, from –268°C to +649°C; carbon content of 0.04% or more required above 540°C. CF8, 304 stainless steel, ASTM A351; corrosive or ultra-low/high-temperature non-corrosive applications, from –268°C to +649°C; carbon content of 0.04% or more required above 425°C. CF3, 304L stainless steel, ASTM A351; corrosive or non-corrosive applications, +425°C. CF3M, 316L stainless steel, ASTM A351; corrosive or non-corrosive applications, +454°C. CN7M, alloy steel, ASTM A351; excellent resistance to hot sulfuric acid corrosion, +425°C. M35-1, Monel, ASTM A494; weldable grade. It exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion by all common organic acids and saline solutions. It also exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion by most alkaline solutions. The N7M Hastelloy alloy per ASTM A494, at +400°C, is particularly suitable for handling hydrofluoric acid at various concentrations and temperatures. It exhibits excellent resistance to sulfuric and phosphoric acid corrosion. The CW6M Hastelloy per ASTM A494 has good resistance to corrosion in highly oxidative environments. It exhibits excellent properties at high temperatures, and has high corrosion resistance to formic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfurous acid, and sulfuric acid. The CY40 Inconel alloy ASTM A494 performs well in high-temperature applications at +649°C. It exhibits excellent corrosion resistance against highly corrosive fluid media