Sources of chloride ions and ammonium in the overhead of crude oil atmospheric distillation columns
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As crude oil becomes of lower quality, the problem of salt deposition in the atmospheric distillation columns of many plants has become quite severe; the salt that forms is usually ammonium chloride. So what’s the issue? Regarding chlorine: 1. Chloride ions should, in theory, be under control after electrodialysis, and salt deposition should also be under control, right? 2. Is it possible that organic chlorines are present in crude oil, fail to be removed by electrodialysis, and then decompose into chlorine upon heating in an atmospheric-pressure furnace? Regarding ammonium: 1. What is the source of ammonium? Demulsifier? Injections during crude oil extraction? 2. What are the typical components of demulsifiers? Are they surfactants containing N, or is there simply NH43? What are the substances commonly used in injections during crude oil extraction? Are there surfactants with an N group? The crystallization of ammonium chloride must occur under certain temperature and pressure conditions; is it possible to avoid these conditions during the design process? Please feel free to share your thoughts.
How is the corrosion condition at the top of your atmospheric pressure tower? Organochlorines cause particularly severe damage to the equipment, mainly in terms of corrosion of the tower top system.
Chloride ions are added during crude oil extraction, while ammonia is formed by the breakdown of nitrogen atoms present in crude oil.
It’s not my device; I also learned about it from the refinery. It seems that organochlorines may still be present, and they cannot be removed either by electrodialysis.
I am still learning about the additives used in crude oil extraction. Is there any relevant literature or information on the pyrolysis of N to form ammonia? Specifically, it should be conditional.