What are the main categories of deposits in cooling circulating water systems?

The sediments in the circulating water system mainly consist of two types: channels and sludge.

After checking some information, it can be divided into four categories: the precipitation of salts, internal corrosion deposits, and deposits in circulating water. 1. Precipitation of salts in water: The solubility product effect means that as the concentration of circulating water increases, various ions in such systems as sodium ions, potassium ions, carbonates, phosphates, silicates, as well as their calcium, magnesium, and iron salts, gradually become saturated and form crystals, leading to precipitation. This deposition occurs especially on the walls of cooling towers and near the water baffles. 2. Sludge formed by bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms in water. Various suspended particles, sand, silt, clay, microorganisms, oil, etc., can all be introduced into the system through make-up water. Since open-loop cooling water systems are exposed to the air, especially during the summer when temperatures are high and there is plenty of sunlight, a large number of microbial organisms such as bacteria and algae reproduce rapidly. They often gather in areas where the water flow is slow or where there are sudden changes in flow velocity, such as on the baffles of cooling towers and in cold water tanks, thereby entering the collection tanks, water tanks, and the shell sides of heat exchangers. It has an impact on settlement and scaling. Oil stains often stick to metal surfaces, acting as a type of adhesive for dirt. The oil film affects heat transfer, serves as a nutrient source for microorganisms, prevents inhibitors from reaching the metal surface, and impairs the corrosion inhibition effect. 3 Sludge generated in the air: The air contains many suspended particles, and sand, silt, clay, sludge, bacteria, and other substances carried by the air contribute to overall scaling in the system. Impurities in the air cause deposits to form within the system. Oxygen and carbon dioxide accelerate corrosion ； Gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide cause the anode inhibitors to be reduced into insoluble deposits; hydrogen sulfide is highly corrosive and forms iron sulfide deposits, which further exacerbate corrosion ； Ammonia selectively corrodes copper and copper alloys. 4. System-related deposits: Corrosion of the components within the system can also lead to the formation of deposits, which spread over a large area and quickly block water supply pipes and heat exchangers. Sediments will further accelerate corrosion and scaling

During the operation of a circulating cooling water system, various substances accumulate on the surface of the heat transfer tubes in the heat exchanger; these substances are collectively referred to as deposits. The main components of these sediments are scale, silt, corrosion products, and biological sediments. Silt, corrosion products, and biological sediments can all be collectively referred to as dirt.

The deposits in cooling circulating water systems mainly include the following: scale, sludge, corrosion products, and biological deposits. Silt, corrosion products, and biological sediments can all be collectively referred to as dirt.

During the operation of a circulating cooling water system, various substances accumulate on the surface of the heat transfer tubes in the heat exchanger; these substances are collectively referred to as deposits. The components of these sediments should include the following: scale, silt, corrosion products, and biological sediments. Silt, corrosion products, and biological sediments can all be collectively referred to as dirt. Natural water contains bicarbonates, which are highly unstable chemically and tend to decompose into carbonates. Therefore, if water with a high bicarbonate content is used as cooling water, it will decompose into carbonates when it passes over the heat exchange surface. These carbonates, once deposited on the heat exchange surface, will further decompose upon heating, forming hard scale on the surfaces of the heat exchange tubes. Cooling water passes through the cooling tower, which is equivalent to an aeration process. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water will escape, and as a result, whose pH value increases. At this time, bicarbonate also reacts when it comes into contact with OH-. Furthermore, salts such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are not completely insoluble; their solubility is merely low. Their solubility is different from that of ordinary salts; it does not increase as the temperature rises, but rather decreases. Therefore, on the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger, these slightly soluble salts can easily reach a supersaturated state and crystallize out of the water. When the flow velocity is low or the heat transfer surface is rough, these crystalline deposits tend to accumulate on the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer tubes.

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