Occupational Health Fill-in-the-Blanks 2

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21. Production and business entities are the responsible parties for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. 22. Occupational disease hazards: A general term for various hazardous factors present in the production processes as well as during work and in the working environment, which can affect the health of workers in their occupational activities. 23. Enterprises that emit pollutants are located on the upwind side of the protected area, in the direction of the wind with the lowest frequency during local summers, thereby meeting the requirements for protective distances. 24. General layout of the plant site: The production area should be located in an area where pollutants can disperse easily, and on the upwind side of the area with the lowest wind frequency throughout the year. The non-production area is located downwind of the location with the lowest wind frequency throughout the year, while the auxiliary production area is situated between the two. 25. The angle between the vertical axis of the high-temperature workshop and the dominant wind direction in summer should be greater than 45°, with heat sources placed as far as possible on the downwind side of the dominant summer wind. 26. When a mechanical ventilation system uses partially recirculated air, the concentration of harmful gases, vapors, and dust in the air supplied to the workplace shall not exceed 30% of the specified exposure limits. 27. The lower edge of the intake windows for natural ventilation in summer should not be more than 1.2 m above the ground level, so that air can flow directly toward the work area. The lower edge of the intake windows for natural ventilation in winter is generally not less than 4 meters. If it is below 4m, effective measures should be taken to prevent cold wind from blowing toward the work area. 28. When the temperature at the workplace is ≥35°C, local cooling and comprehensive heat prevention measures should be taken. 29. The design of bathrooms, washrooms, and toilets is generally based on the maximum number of workers in a team; when designing locker rooms, the number of people to be taken into account should be the actual total number of workers in the workshop. 30. Industrial enterprises that produce or use ** or highly toxic substances should establish emergency rescue stations or toxic gas protection stations. 31. In air-conditioned workplaces, the fresh air volume per person should be ≥30 m3/h. 32. Pulse noise refers to noise that erupts suddenly and then disappears quickly, with a duration of ≤0.5 s, an interval between occurrences of >1 s, and a change in the root mean square sound pressure of ≥40 dB(A). 33. Hand-transmitted vibration refers to the mechanical vibration or shock that acts directly on or is transmitted to a person’s arm when holding a vibrating tool or coming into contact with a vibrating workpiece. 34. For fixed-point sampling, the sampling sites should be representative work locations, including those where the concentrations of harmful substances in the air are highest and where workers are exposed to them for the longest periods of time. 35. When evaluating the protective effectiveness of safety equipment or measures in the workplace, sampling points should be selected based on the conditions of the equipment, with sampling taken in the breathing zone where workers are working. 36. In a representative workplace where there are multiple identical production devices, one sampling point is set for every 1 to 3 devices. 37. For temperature measurements in high-temperature environments: for those who work in such conditions all year round, measurements are taken during the hottest months of summer; for those who engage in high-temperature work occasionally, measurements are taken during the hottest month of the working period; for those who work outdoors, measurements are taken on sunny days during the hottest month when there is solar radiation. 38. Measurement of noise: When the sound field in a workplace is not uniform, it should be divided into several sound level zones; the difference in sound levels within the same sound level zone