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Technical measures for growing organic mushrooms using swamp sludge

2016-04-02View Original

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Planting in winter or spring should be done early rather than late; generally, for organic mushrooms planted in winter, the optimal period for bagging and inoculation is from November to the end of February of the following year. The optimal period for bagging and inoculation when planting in spring is from early January to late March; it should not be delayed, as high temperatures at later times can lead to contamination by unwanted microorganisms. This reduces the success rate of mycelium growth in the bags, hinders the change in color of these bags as well as the physiological maturation of the mycelium, and increases the difficulties associated with surviving the summer. Next, the technical measures for growing organic mushrooms using biogas sludge will be introduced: Biogas fermentation typically relies on human and animal waste. Nowadays, as the level of intensification in the livestock industry increases, there are fewer rural farmers who raise animals in a free-range manner, and thus biogas production has faced difficulties due to a lack of raw materials for fermentation; as a result, many biogas digesters that were built in the past have been put out of use. A new technology for producing biogas from crop straws can revitalize biogas digesters that have been shut down due to a lack of fermentation materials. The use of crop straws as raw material for biogas fermentation is mainly divided into two methods: biogas fermentation using only the straws, and biogas fermentation by mixing the straws with animal and human manure. For different fermentation raw materials, the pre-treatment methods, strain addition, and other procedures prior to feeding them into the tank vary as well.   I. Crushing of organic mushrooms: Cut the straw into pieces shorter than 6 centimeters, or crush it to such lengths; 45–50 kilograms of straw are required per cubic meter of biogas digester.   II. Wetting organic mushrooms: Mix the chopped straw with water in a 1:1 ratio. Add water while stirring the mixture to ensure even wetting. The wetting time is 15-24 hours.   III. Organic mushroom mixing material: Straw, fungal agent, and carbon ammonia are used in a ratio of 40:0.1:0.5. The fungal agent and carbon ammonia are dissolved in water, and then this mixture is poured over the wet straw while stirring to ensure even mixing. Keep the moisture content of the straw at 65-70%.   IV. Stacking of organic mushroom substrates: The mixed straw is stacked into piles with a width of 1.2–1.5 meters and a height of 0.6–1.5 meters. Make several holes at intervals of 30-50 centimeters around the pile and at its neck; it is strictly forbidden to pound or compress the material. Cover the area around the pile and its neck with plastic film, leaving a 10-centimeter gap at the bottom for ventilation, and then proceed with the piling process. 3-4 days in summer, and 4-6 days in winter; it is ready when a layer of white mycelium forms on the straw.   V. Adding organic mushrooms to the tank: Pour the composted straw into the tank directly through the access window while it is still warm. At the same time, add carbon ammonia and inoculants evenly to the biogas tank, and fill it with water up to the zero-pressure level. Finally, make several holes in the raw materials to facilitate methane production. The inoculum is generally 10-30% of the biogas digester’s volume, with a ratio of straw to carbon ammonia of 40:1.   VI. Sealing the organic mushroom pond: The pond can be sealed and tested for firing after discharging waste gas for 2 days.   VII. Replacement of organic mushroom substrate: After half a year, as the straw decomposes, it is necessary to replace the substrate at this time. When discharging, open the skylight cover, take the necessary protective measures, and use grippers or a four-toothed rake to remove the material.

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