12 engineering and technical principles for accident prevention and control

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This post was last edited by yinkuilin6868 on 2016-7-5 08:49. There are 12 engineering and technical principles for preventing and controlling accidents. Among DuPont’s well-known ten safety principles, one reads “All accidents can be avoided.” This concept is essentially the highest goal in work safety efforts. However, there is always a gap between ideals and reality. Although safety professionals advocate the principle that \"all accidents can be prevented,\" faced with the frequent occurrence of production safety accidents at home and abroad, they inevitably wonder: can all accidents truly be prevented? To prevent accidents, it is first necessary to learn and master the principles of accident prevention and control. Below, I will share with you 12 engineering and technical principles for preventing and controlling accidents. The principle of eliminating potential hazards involves essentially removing the sources of accidents; it is an ideal, proactive, and progressive approach to accident prevention. The basic approach is to replace old systems, technologies, and processes with new ones in order to eliminate accidents fundamentally. For example: replace flammable materials with non-flammable ones ； Improve mechanical equipment and eliminate hazardous factors related to human operation and the working environment. II. Principle of reducing the values of potential hazard factors: When it is not possible to eliminate the risks associated with a system, efforts should be made to reduce the level of risk within that system, thereby minimizing the severity of the consequences in the event of an accident. For example: Drill tools employ double insulation measures ； Use a transformer to reduce the circuit voltage ； Safety valves and pressure relief valves are installed in high-pressure containers to control the occurrence of hazards, etc. The principle of triple redundancy involves enhancing the system’s safety factor and increasing its safety margin through measures such as multiple safeguards and backup systems. For example: increasing the strength of steel cables ； The aircraft is equipped with twin engines ； Add backup devices, etc., to the system. The four-lock principle refers to the use of mechanical interlocks or electrical interlocks in the system via certain basic components as conditions to ensure safety. For example: safety interlocks for stamping machinery, door interlock devices installed on metal shearing machine rooms, automatic circuit protectors, etc. The principle of the five-energy barrier involves establishing barriers between people, objects, and sources of danger, in order to prevent accidental release of energy from affecting humans and objects and thus ensuring the safety of both people and equipment. For example, safety nets for high-altitude work in construction, and reactor containment structures, all serve as barriers. The principle of six-distance protection: When the harmful effects of dangerous and hazardous factors decrease as distance increases, it is necessary to keep as much distance as possible between people and these sources of danger. For example, in occupations that are exposed to hazardous factors such as noise sources and radiation sources, increasing the distance can help reduce occupational risks; in addition, chemical plants should be located away from residential areas, and a safe distance should be maintained during blasting operations. The principle of seven-time protection is to reduce the time that people spend in an environment with hazardous or occupational disease-causing factors to a safe level. For example, for jobs involving exposure to dust, toxic and harmful gases, noise, and radioactive substances, reduce the duration of each exposure. The principle of weak links involves introducing weak points within a system, in order to achieve overall system security at the cost of minimal, localized losses. For example: fuses in electrical circuits, safety valves in boilers, explosion-proof membranes in gas generators, pressure vessel relief valves, etc. They fail before dangerous situations arise, thereby releasing or blocking energy to ensure the safety of the entire system. The Nine Principles of Robustness: This is a countermeasure to the principle of weak links, namely ensuring the safety of a system by increasing its strength. For example: increasing the system safety factor and enhancing the structural strength of the equipment. The ten principles of personal protection involve providing workers with appropriate protective equipment and supplies based on the nature and conditions of different tasks. For example: providing dust masks for workers who are exposed to dust, and protective face shields for welders, etc. The principle of using substitutes to replace workers is to employ tools and machinery to carry out manual tasks when it is impossible to eliminate or control hazardous and harmful factors, thereby preventing such factors from causing harm to the human body. For example: using handling machinery to lift heavy objects, and employing robotic arms in the cutting section to replace manual handling of workpieces. The principle of twelve warnings and prohibitions involves using light, sound, color, or other signs as means to convey organizational and technical information in order to ensure safety. For example: Install safety warning signs in work areas where there are hazardous factors or risks related to occupational diseases.