One Question per Day on Moving Equipment 20181208
Thread Content
What are the main intra-stage losses in a steam turbine? What is the cause of the loss? Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. (1) Nozzle losses and blade losses are caused by the mutual friction between the steam streams as they pass through the nozzles and blades, as well as the friction between the steam streams and the surface of the blades. (2) Residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this portion of kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus constitutes a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. (3) Blade height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and tip of the nozzle and rotor blades. (4) Fan loss refers to the energy loss caused by the flow hitting the blades, as the blades are arranged in a circular pattern along the rim, resulting in a fan-shaped cross-section of the flow channel. Consequently, the pitch, circumferential speed, and inlet angle vary throughout the height of the blade, which leads to such energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. (5) Some of the steam admission losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as vapor rejection losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. (6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate as well; this process consumes a portion of the impeller’s useful work. The vapor flow between the baffle and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the useful work of the impeller. (7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and rotor blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. (8) Moisture loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a moist state. The water present in this moist steam not only fails to expand and generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
The main losses include nozzle loss, moving blade loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
The answer above is very comprehensive; I’ll take note of it. When steam passes through the angular ring, there is a slight leakage
Steam leakage losses from inter-stage shaft seals and nozzle steam seals； The gap between the blade and the housing is above the specified limit
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. (1) Nozzle losses and rotor blade losses are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. (2) Remainder velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it constitutes a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. (3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blades. (4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the blades being arranged in a circular pattern along the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential speed, and inlet angle vary at different heights along the blade; this causes the steam flow to strike the blades and results in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements, which further consumes its energy. (5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as vapor rejection losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. (6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate as well; this process consumes a portion of the impeller’s useful work. The vapor flow between the baffle and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the useful work of the impeller. (7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. (8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only fails to expand and generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
The main losses include nozzle loss, moving blade loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.
Within a turbine stage, the main losses include nozzle loss, blade kinetic energy loss, residual velocity loss, blade height loss, fan loss, partial steam injection loss, frictional blowing loss, steam leakage loss, and wet steam loss. 1) Nozzle loss and rotor blade loss are caused by the mutual friction between the steam flow as it passes through the nozzle and rotor blades, as well as the friction between the steam flow and the surface of the blades. 2) The residual velocity loss refers to the fact that steam still possesses a certain velocity when it leaves the moving blades; this kinetic energy is not utilized in this stage, and thus it represents a loss for that stage. However, when the vapor stream flows to the next stage, its kinetic energy can be partially utilized by that stage. 3) Leaf height loss refers to the loss caused by vortices formed by the steam flow at the base and top of the nozzle and rotor blade rows. 4) Fan-shaped loss refers to the fact that, due to the radial arrangement of the blades around the rim, the flow passage cross-section takes on a fan shape. As a result, the pitch, circumferential velocity, and inlet angle vary along the blade height, which causes the steam flow to strike the blades and result in energy loss. Additionally, the steam flow generates radial movements that further consume its energy. 5) Some of the steam inlet losses are due to \"blowing\" losses that occur when the moving blades pass through the arc sections without nozzles, as well as gas expulsion losses that occur when the moving blades move from the non-operating arc sections into the operating arc sections with nozzles. 6) Frictional blowing loss refers to the fact that the high-speed rotating impeller comes into friction with the steam surrounding it, causing this steam to rotate; as a result, part of the impeller’s useful work is consumed. Additionally, the vapor flow between the partition and the nozzle forms vortices due to centrifugal force, which also consumes the impeller’s useful work. 7) Steam leakage loss refers to the loss that occurs in a steam turbine due to pressure differences; as a result, some of the steam bypasses the flow channels of the nozzles and moving blades and leaks through various static and dynamic gaps, failing to contribute to work generation in the main flow. 8) Wet steam loss refers to the situation in the low-pressure section of the turbine where the steam is in a wet steam state. The water contained in this wet steam not only expands to generate work, but it also consumes the kinetic energy of the steam flow; it further exerts a braking effect on the movement of the blades, thereby wasting useful work, and it also causes erosion of the blades.