Vaporized graywater hardness

The hardness of vaporized water is essentially a matter of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. To understand what affects graywater hardness, one must look for reasons from two aspects: first, the sources of these ions, and second, how these ions are removed. Firstly, calcium and magnesium ions mainly come from the raw materials, such as coal; if a solvent is used, limestone is also a source. Other secondary sources include water supplied from outside the system, such as coal grinding water, primary water, and shift condensate. The removal of ions mainly occurs through the discharge of wastewater, which is the primary method for removing ions from water. When the hardness of the water increases and the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions exceed the allowable limits, it is necessary to increase the amount of wastewater discharged. It is also advisable to add some fresh water or even soft water to the system in order to replace the ions

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