Generation of axial force in centrifugal pumps and countermeasures

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Centrifugal pumps generate axial forces during operation. The reasons for this are as follows: 1. As the liquid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the impeller, the direction of flow changes from axial to radial, which results in a reaction force on the impeller. 2. The liquid pressure on both sides of the impeller is asymmetric. Due to the action of axial forces, the impeller can be displaced, altering its concentricity with the overflow channel; this results in a decrease in flow rate and head. In severe cases, friction occurs between the impeller and the pump casing, eventually leading to damage to the equipment. The balance tube installed in the pump body is used to eliminate or reduce axial force. Measures taken to eliminate or reduce the axial force in centrifugal pumps: 1. Symmetrically install the impellers of multi-stage pumps ； 2. Install the balance disk and balance drum ； 3. Use a double-suction impeller ； 4. Provide balance holes on the impeller of the single-stage pump.