Chemical coke is produced using coke ovens, and then the coke is gasified in a gasifier to produce gas suitable for use as fuel in coke ovens

How’s it working? Want to know what kind of vaporization furnace is used?

The calorific value of this gas is at most a little over 2,000, which is at least half lower than that of coke oven gas; when using this gas for heating coke ovens, necessary measures must be taken to adjust the combustion, such as using larger orifice plates or adding a certain amount of coke oven gas.

Coke is gasified to serve as feed gas for synthesis; fewer coke ovens are used. Previously, this type of gasification using gas coke was employed in fertilizer factories as part of the synthesis process; now, with an overcapacity in coke production, it is necessary to find ways to utilize the excess coke.

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In the case of partial replacement, the flow rate in the riser limits the amount that can be replaced； If a complete replacement is required, regenerative heating must be used; those that were originally single-stage heaters need to be replaced with regenerative heaters. Currently, the coke market is sluggish and there is an oversupply; as a result, it is necessary to use coke ovens to produce gasified coke, which is not economical, but it does have environmental benefits

Well, may I ask which type of vaporizer is better?

Research Report on the Carbonization of Coke in the Wuhai Region: Since 2014, the coking industry in the Wuhai region has been affected by a weak coke market; as a result, coke prices dropped by 600–700 yuan per ton compared to 2013, representing a decline of over 50%. This is manifested as a severe overcapacity in the coking industry, with coking enterprises suffering heavy losses. To this end, some companies, with the aim of reducing losses and increasing profits, actively adjust their internal industrial and product structures, exploring the use of coke gasification to produce LNG. Recently, we conducted research in Wuhai City and Etoke Banner in Ordos City. The findings of the investigation are reported as follows. I. Overview of the coking industry in the Wuhai region (1) Total coking production capacity. The coking industry in the Wuhai region is located in Wuhai City, Etoke Banner, and Alxa Left Banner, with a total production capacity of 31.38 million tons per year, accounting for 73% of the region’s total production capacity. Among them, Wuhai City has a production capacity of 17.39 million tons per year, Eket Banner 8.29 million tons per year, and Alxa Left Banner 5.7 million tons per year. (II) Coking capacity utilization in 2014. In 2014, the total coke production in the Wuhai region was 18.15 million tons, with a coke production capacity utilization rate of only 58%. 3.6 billion cubic meters of coke oven gas can be utilized, but due to discontinuous and unstable production, the recovery rate of this gas is extremely low. (III) Losses of coking enterprises. At present, coking enterprises in the Wuhai area are suffering from overall losses. It is understood that currently, coking enterprises suffer an average loss of 160-180 yuan per ton of coke. Relatively speaking, by-products such as coke oven gas, tar, benzene, and naphthalene are more profitable and can partially subsidize coke production. (IV) The situation of phasing out steel enterprises in the Tangshan area and its impact on the coking industry in the Wuhai area. 90% of the coke products produced in the Wuhai area are sold to the Tangshan region in Hebei, resulting in a severe dependence on that market. In line with Hebei Province’s policies aimed at addressing air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, by 2017, Tangshan region was to eliminate over 40 million tons of steel production capacity, and demand for coke was to decrease by over 20 million tons; as a result, the coking industry in Wuhai region faced significant challenges. II. Coke Gasification Situation (I) General Situation. According to investigations, there are currently 4 companies in Wuhai City and Eket Banner that are carrying out or planning to carry out projects for the gasification of coke to produce LNG. These companies are Wuhai Yuantong Company, Shenhua Wuhai Energy Company, Wuhai Huayou Company, and Eket Banner Jianyuan Coal Coke Company. Among them, the 180,000-ton LNG production project via coke gasification by Wuhai Yuantong Company, and the 300,000-ton LNG production project from coke by Etuoke Banner Jianyuan Company are under construction and are scheduled to be completed and put into operation by the end of this year. The other two companies are carrying out preliminary work. (II) The main technologies and process routes for coke gasification at Wuhai Yuantong Company. For the 180,000-ton LNG production project via coke gasification that YuanTong Company is building, the technologies for the three key processes of coke gasification, methanation, and cryogenic liquefaction have all been sourced from British company David. The specific process involves gasifying coke in a gasifier to produce synthetic gas (comprising 40% carbon monoxide, 40% hydrogen, 18% carbon dioxide, and 1% methane). Part of this synthetic gas is used for heating the coke oven, while the coke oven gas that is returned to the furnace for combustion is utilized as well ； Another portion of the synthetic gas is combined with coke oven gas, which contains a high proportion of hydrogen (55–60% hydrogen, 22–24% methane, 8% carbon monoxide, 3% carbon dioxide), to produce natural gas (99% methane and 1% of trace impurity gases such as nitrogen). After purification, this gas is liquefied at a very low temperature of minus 180 degrees Celsius to create LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). (III) The main technologies and process routes for coke gasification at Jiyuan Company in Eket Banner. For the 300,000-ton LNG production project via coke gasification that is under construction by Jianyuan Company, the gasification process makes use of the oxygen-enriched gasification furnace technology provided by Jiangxi Changyu Industrial Co., Ltd.; in this process, coke particles are placed inside the gasification furnace to be gasified ； The methanation process utilizes technology from the Danish company Topsoe ； For the liquefaction stage, the mixed-refrigerant cryogenic liquefaction technology provided by Chengdu Cryogenic Liquefaction Equipment Company is used. The specific process route is basically the same as that of Yuantong Company. The difference is that Jianyuan Company upgraded one of its existing coke ovens, adjusting the ratio of raw coke used to produce coke particles specifically for gasification purposes. These coke particles are then used in gasification reactors to generate synthetic gas, which is subsequently utilized in coke oven gas replacement and methanation reactions, thereby significantly reducing the cost of coke used for gasification. (IV) Economic analysis of coke gasification. Taking the production of 180,000 tons of LNG from coke by Inner Mongolia Yuantong Group Company as an example, the total investment in this project is 950 million yuan (of which 390 million yuan is invested in the coke gasification stage, 350 million yuan in the methanation stage, 150 million yuan in the liquefaction stage, and 60 million yuan for other purposes). The LNG production capacity is 180,000 tons per year, allowing for the processing of 430,000 tons of coke annually; in other words, 0.42 tons of finished LNG can be produced for every 10,000 tons of coke processed. At the current coke price of 600–700 yuan per ton, the cost of LNG per ton, including taxes, is approximately 2,800 yuan (which is 350 yuan per ton higher than the cost of producing LNG using only coke oven gas). Currently, the LNG market price in the Wuhai area is 4,000 yuan per ton, resulting in a gross profit of 1,200 yuan for each ton of LNG produced. LNG prices are closely related to international oil prices, the supply of conventional natural gas, and the development of domestic natural gas pipelines. Domestic LNG prices fluctuate with changes in international oil prices; they may also decline as the supply of conventional natural gas increases and domestic gas pipelines become more developed. III. Preliminary analysis of coke gasification: Through research and analysis, coke gasification has both positive aspects and negative effects. (1) Positive significance. Firstly, the coke gasification project can consume part of the coke, enabling upstream coking enterprises to operate normally. It also contributes to the development of the industry for the comprehensive utilization of coking by-products, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the coking industry chain. Secondly, it facilitates the processing of high-sulfur coal in the Wuhai region; by combining medium- and high-sulfur coal with long-flame coal to produce gasification coke, and then using that coke for LNG production, not only are the production costs of LNG reduced, but the sulfur content can also be significantly lowered through multiple desulfurization steps, thereby turning high-sulfur coal into a clean energy source. Third, it allows for the adjustment of the direction of coke utilization at any time, thereby enhancing the production flexibility of coking enterprises. Increase the proportion of coke gasification when the coke market is poor, and decrease it when the coke market improves. Fourthly, some of the synthetic natural gas can be used for heating coke ovens, thereby replacing the coke oven gas with a higher methane content that was previously used for heating, and this facilitates the efficient utilization of coke oven gas. (II) Adverse effects. Firstly, the main markets for LNG in our region are Hebei Province and Henan Province. As China’s natural gas pipeline network continues to improve, the disadvantages of transporting LNG over long distances will become increasingly apparent. Secondly, it leads to the suboptimal utilization of coking coal. Coking coal is a scarce type of coal in China, and coke is an indispensable raw material for the steel industry. The reserves of coking coal in our region amount to less than 5 billion tons, accounting for only 0.6% of the total coal resources in the region, with the majority of these reserves located in the Wuhai area. Using coking coal to produce gas is equivalent to using it as thermal coal. At present, **the construction of coal gasification projects is underway, using low-grade thermal coal as the main raw material. **The National Development and Reform Commission has approved coal-to-natural gas projects in our region for preliminary preparation, with a total capacity of 28 billion cubic meters; all of these projects use medium- to low-grade coking coal as raw material. Thirdly, the LNG market in the area around Wuhai and throughout our region is very limited; the main target markets are in regions such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, and Hubei. Road transportation using tank trucks is the only option, but this involves long distances and high transportation costs. Moreover, LNG is liquefied at extremely low temperatures, making it flammable and explosive, which poses significant challenges in terms of transportation safety. IV. Relevant suggestions 1. It can be developed at an appropriate pace. At present, from both technical and economic perspectives, coke gasification projects are feasible, and the coke gasification industry can be developed to an appropriate extent. In this way, on the one hand, it can reduce the pressure on coke sales and the market, helping current coking enterprises to overcome their difficulties ； On the other hand, it can resolve the structural contradictions in the coke market; by adjusting the amount of coke gasified, it ensures the stable and continuous operation of coke production enterprises, enhances their core competitiveness, and promotes the healthy development of the entire coke industry chain. 2. Leverage the role of the market. Currently, there are no regulatory restrictions on projects for producing LNG through coke gasification from an industrial policy perspective, but such projects entail certain investment risks. It is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and encourage enterprises to make independent decisions regarding investment directions and scales based on thorough market research, in accordance with market principles and their own actual conditions, **without excessive intervention. 3. It should be community-oriented. The coking projects in our region show distinct regional characteristics, being mainly concentrated in Wuhai and its surrounding areas. Coke gasification should be focused on Wuhai City, Ordos City, and Alxa League; local authorities should formulate development plans to encourage enterprises to use high-sulfur coal as the fuel for gasification, thereby preventing a rush to consume large amounts of low-sulfur coke

:handshake: The analysis of handshake is very thorough; thank you