Historical records of pumps

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History of pumps – Historical overview. Lifting water is extremely important for human life and production. Various water-lifting devices existed in ancient times, such as the chain pump in Egypt (17th century BC), the shadoofel in China (17th century BC), the windlass (11th century BC), and the water wheel (1st century AD). Another well-known example is the screw pump invented by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, which could lift water steadily and continuously to a height of several meters; the principle behind it is still used in modern screw pumps. file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.jpg Around 200 BC, the fire pump invented by the ancient Greek craftsman Ctesibius was one of the earliest piston pumps; it already possessed the main components of a typical piston pump. However, piston pumps only began to develop rapidly after the invention of the steam engine. Between 1840 and 1850, H.R. Worthington in the United States invented the piston pump with steam acting directly on pistons whose cylinders are opposite to each other, marking the emergence of the modern piston pump. The 19th century was a peak period for the development of piston pumps, which were already used in various machines such as hydraulic presses. However, as the water demand surged, starting from the 1920s, low-speed piston pumps with severely limited flow rates were gradually replaced by high-speed centrifugal pumps and rotary pumps. However, in the field of high pressure and low flow rates, reciprocating pumps still hold a dominant position; in particular, diaphragm pumps and piston pumps have unique advantages and are being used more and more often. The emergence of rotary pumps is related to the increasingly diverse requirements for liquid transportation in industry. Records of 4-blade vane pumps date back to as early as 1588, and various other rotary pumps were developed subsequently; however, until the 19th century, rotary pumps still suffered from drawbacks such as high leakage, significant wear, and low efficiency. At the beginning of the 20th century, problems such as rotor lubrication and sealing were solved, and high-speed electric motors were adopted; as a result, rotary pumps suitable for higher pressures, moderate to low flow rates, and the transportation of various viscous liquids developed rapidly. The variety of types of rotary pumps and the range of liquids they are suitable for transporting far exceed those of other types of pumps. The idea of using centrifugal force to transport water first appeared in sketches created by Leonardo da Vinci. In 1689, the French physicist D. Papin invented the volute centrifugal pump with a 4-blade impeller. But what is more similar to modern centrifugal pumps is the so-called Massachusetts pump, which appeared in the United States in 1818 and featured radial straight blades, a semi-open double-suction impeller, and a volute. Between 1851 and 1875, multi-stage centrifugal pumps equipped with guide vanes were successively invented, making it possible to develop high-head centrifugal pumps. Although the Swiss mathematician L. Euler formulated the basic equations for impeller-type hydraulic machinery as early as 1754, laying the theoretical foundation for centrifugal pump design, it was not until the end of the 19th century, with the advent of high-speed electric motors that provided an ideal power source for centrifugal pumps, that their advantages could be fully realized. Based on the theoretical research and practical efforts of many scholars such as O. Renault in the UK and K. Pflüderer in Germany, the efficiency of centrifugal pumps has been **improved**, and their range of performance and areas of application have continued to expand; they have thus become the most widely used and produced type of pump in modern times. A brief history: The earliest pumps appeared around 300 BC. Archimedes invented a pump known as the Archimedes’ screw. The pressure pump invented by the Greek Ctesibius is one of the most primitive piston pumps. It is mainly used to generate water columns and lift water from the wellhead. The square plate chain pump that appeared during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Chinese history is, as a type of chain pump, an important invention in the field of pumping machinery. In 1475, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, an engineer from the Italian Renaissance, proposed the original model of a centrifugal pump in a paper. . The gear pump was invented around 1590–1600. In 1635, the German scholar Daniel Schwenter described the gear pump. In 1680, simple centrifugal pumps appeared in Jordan. In 1685, French physicist Denis Papin conducted high-pressure experiments with an air compression pump. file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.jpg In 1588, Agostino Ramelli created illustrations of chain pumps. In 1689, Denis Papin invented the centrifugal pump with straight blades, while curved blades were invented by the British inventor John Appold in 1851. In 1738, the Dutchman Daniel Bernoulli published his work \"Hydrodynamics\", in which he introduced Bernoulli’s equation ； In 1755, the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler published his work \"General Principles of the Motion of Fluids\", in which he introduced the fundamental equations for ideal fluids as well as the continuity equation. It laid the theoretical foundation for the design of centrifugal pumps. In 1746, H.A. Wirtz designed a screw pump that used an Archimedes screw to lift water. In 1768, William Cole improved and introduced the chain pump in ship holds. Around 1781–1782, the invention of the rope pump was first described. In 1868, Stork Pompen was founded in Hengelo, the Netherlands, where the concrete volute pump was invented. In 1870, the Britishman William Thomson proposed the design for a jet pump. In 1892, the American company Worthington manufactured oil pumps for the world’s first oil pipeline (from Pennsylvania to New York). file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.jpg In 1801, the Encyclopaedia Britannica mentioned pump machinery; in 1900, Harris invented the air pressure pump. In 1904, the American company Byron Jackson produced submersible motor pumps. In 1909, W. Gaede invented the rotary vane pump and obtained a German patent for it. In 1912, the world’s first water-source heat pump system was installed in Zurich, Switzerland; a heat pump device that used river water as a low-temperature heat source for heating, and it was patented. In 1916, Aldrich Company manufactured motor-driven reciprocating pumps. In 1924, the American company Durco produced pumps designed specifically for chemical processing. In 1927, the American company Aldrich produced a variable-stroke multi-cylinder reciprocating pump. In 1929, the Dutch company Houttuin manufactured Europe’s first twin-screw pump. Byron Jackson Company produced double-shell feed pumps used in power plants. In 1936, Milton Roy Company invented the motor-driven metering pump. The gas-stabilized pump was invented. file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.jpg The rope pump, which is still in use in many parts of the world. In 1953, the American company Byron Jackson manufactured the recirculation pumps for the Nautilus nuclear submarine. Durco manufactured backpull chemical process pumps, which were the precursor to ANSI standards. In 1958, W. Beck of West Germany first proposed a turbine molecular pump with practical value, and subsequently various molecular pumps with different structures were developed. In 1960, the American company Byron Jackson manufactured submersible motor pumps for use in underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage facilities. In 1969, the American company Ingersoll Rand Drayson designed and built the world’s largest boiler feed pump, with a power output of 52,200 kW (70,000 horsepower). In the 1870s, the Kobe Company manufactured commercial rotary jet pumps. In 1972, the American company Pacific manufactured nuclear reactor feed pumps with forged casings for use in nuclear power generation. In 1987, the American company Byron Jackson manufactured an 1120kW (1500 hp) submersible motor pump for use in the world’s largest oil storage cavern. In 2000, the American company HMD developed a magnetically driven pump with shielding features; it is a leak-free pump. Luoyang Napute New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. 13603889856 0379-60679266