Calculations regarding the toxicity of mixtures

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Refer to pages 50-51 of the training materials for personnel responsible for approving the design of pressure pipelines; there are two methods for determining the toxicity of mixtures. If data such as LC50 and LD50 are not available, it is possible to determine the toxicity directly based on the percentage of the gas volume (or percentage of liquid mass) that constitutes the gas mixture (or liquid mixture). I want to tackle this today rather than tomorrow. After determining values such as LC50 and LD50, I need to figure out how to calculate things for gas mixtures and liquid mixtures. Although there are formulas available, they do not specify whether the concentration should be expressed as a volume percentage or a mass percentage. Based on the context, it seems appropriate to use volume percentages for gases and mass percentages for liquids. I wonder if any expert or senior has calculated this, and more importantly, whether there is a basis for such calculations! Note: I checked the UK Regulations on the Control of Hazardous Chemical Substances and Products (2002); it was difficult to understand, and its classification method differs from that in China, so it can only be used as a reference.