What do protection ratings such as IP65, IP55, IP30 mean?

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The IP (INGRESS PROTECTION) rating system was developed by the IEC (INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION) to classify electrical devices based on their resistance to dust and moisture. The IP protection rating is composed of two digits. The first digit indicates the level of protection against dust and the intrusion of foreign objects into the appliance; here, such foreign objects include tools, human fingers, etc., which must not come into contact with the live parts of the appliance to avoid electric shock. The second digit indicates the degree of protection against moisture and water intrusion, with higher numbers meaning a higher level of protection. IP65: Dust-tight – completely prevents the intrusion of foreign objects as well as dust ； It prevents water spray from entering, stopping water ejected from nozzles in various directions from reaching the lamp and causing damage. IP55: Dust-proof – it completely prevents the intrusion of foreign objects. Although it cannot entirely stop dust from entering, the amount of dust that does get in does not affect the proper operation of the lamp. It also protects against water jets, preventing water sprayed from various directions through nozzles from causing damage to the lamp. Explanation of various grades: Contact protection and protection against foreign objects grade (first digit); Waterproofing grade (second digit). Description of the scope of protection: 0 – No protection; 0 – No protection. 1 – Protection against solid foreign objects with a diameter of 50 mm or more; spheres with a diameter of 50 mm should not be able to enter completely. 2 – Protection against vertically falling water droplets; such droplets should not cause damage. 3 – Protection against solid foreign objects with a diameter of 12.5 mm or more; spheres with a diameter of 12.5 mm should not be able to enter completely. When the cabinet is tilted at 15 degrees, vertically falling water droplets should not cause damage. 4 – Protection against water splashes; water splashing at an angle of 60 degrees from either side of the vertical line should not cause damage. 5 – Protection against dust; it is not possible to completely prevent dust from entering, but the amount of dust that enters will not cause damage to the equipment. 5 – Protection against water jets; water jets directed at the cabinet from any direction should not cause damage. 6 – Dust protection; dust should not be able to enter when there is a low pressure of 20 millibars inside the cabinet. 6 – Protection against strong water jets; strong water jets directed at the cabinet from any direction should not cause damage. Note: The diameter of the detectors should not exceed the size of the openings in the cabinet. 7 – Protection against short-term immersion; when the cabinet is submerged in water under standard pressure for a short period, no amount of water that could cause damage should enter. 8 – Protection against long-term immersion; the cabinet can be submerged in water under certain conditions, as long as no amount of water that could cause damage enters