What contents are included in the design of safety facilities for hazardous chemicals construction projects?

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I. Relevant design elements based on the identification results of the “two key aspects and one major concern” for construction projects: 1. Key monitoring parameters and control strategies for hazardous chemical processes that require close supervision； 2. Safety measures related to design for hazardous chemicals and major hazard sources that are under focused supervision. II. Contents of process system design
1. Apart from the process safety measures implemented for construction projects classified as “two key areas and one major project”, describe other safety measures taken during normal and abnormal operating conditions to prevent leaks, fires, explosions, dust dispersion, toxic substance exposure, and corrosion. These measures include containment of hazardous materials, prevention of process parameter excursions, detection and alarm systems, interlock protection, control of runaway reactions, emergency shutdowns, and accidental discharge management ； Note: The safety measures adopted under normal operating conditions can be described in terms of the characteristics of the process operations, such as the enclosed production, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials, enclosed liquid/gas discharge, enclosed sampling, sealing of pumps and machinery, operation under negative pressure, etc., as well as enclosed pneumatic transportation and wet methods to prevent the formation of explosive dust. The safety devices employed in abnormal operating conditions mainly include safety interlocks, safety valves, burst discs, breather valves, explosion vent doors, explosion relief manholes and other pressure relief devices, as well as emergency shut-off and emergency stop systems. Emergency measures taken when the reaction gets out of control include adding terminators, etc. Accident emissions should specify the destination and disposal of hazardous materials in the event of an accident, such as releases due to pressure relief and the discharge of materials from the system during an emergency shutdown. 2. For high-risk process units involving nitration, chlorination, fluorination, diazotization, peroxidation, etc., it is necessary to describe the settings for full-process automated control of the upstream and downstream supporting units ； 3. Installation of safety relief and flare systems ； Note: It should be specified the type of flare used, such as an overhead flare, a low-temperature flare, an acid gas flare, an ammonia flare, etc. Additionally, information on the maximum flare emission volume in case of an emergency, the designed flare capacity, the flare height, the range of thermal radiation, and the backflow prevention measures should be provided. 4. Exhaust treatment facilities for toxic and harmful gases, including alkali scrubbers, absorption towers, washing towers, etc ； 5. Installation of waste gas and waste liquid incineration systems. III. Contents of the general layout design 1. Distances between the construction project and facilities outside the plant/yard, compliance with standards, and protective measures taken ； 2. The design scheme for the horizontal and vertical layout of the entire plant and its units (facilities), including functional zoning, wind speed, wind direction, spacing, elevation, pipeline tray arrangement, and the transportation of hazardous chemicals; it also outlines the safety measures to be adopted for loading/unloading facilities, transportation routes, parking lots, etc. within the plant ； 3. Compliance with main fire separation distances and standards in the general layout ；  4. The layout of fire roads, safety evacuation passages, and exits within the factory premises. IV. Design aspects of equipment and pipelines 1. Compliance of the design of pressure vessels, equipment, and pipelines with relevant **regulations and standards, including whether imported pressure vessels meet **mandatory requirements ； 2. Selection of main equipment, materials, and protective measures ； 3. Selection of main pipeline materials and protective measures. V. Electrical Design Content 1. Classification of electrical loads, power supply sources, and installation of emergency or backup power sources ； 2. Selection of the explosion protection rating for electrical equipment in explosive hazard areas ； 3. Lightning and static electricity protection grounding facilities ； 4. Cable selection and safety measures for the cable routing path ； 5. Installation of evacuation lighting, fire emergency lighting, and backup lighting. VI. Design aspects of automatic control instruments 1. Installation of emergency or backup power and gas supplies ； 2. Settings of the automatic control systems (including DCS, SIS, GDS, PLC, etc.), with an explanation of the application scope of each system as well as safety functions such as emergency shutdown, safety interlocks, and emergency control ； 3. Indicate the SIL level of each SIF circuit based on the SIL classification analysis results obtained from the project ；  4. Installation and layout of combustible and toxic gas detection and alarm systems ； 5. Composition and main functions of the control room, including production control, fire control, etc ； 6. Cable selection and safety measures for the cable routing path. VII. Telecommunications design contents 1. Fire alarm system ； 2. Industrial TV monitoring system ； 3. Public address intercom systems, emergency broadcasting, and wireless communication. VIII. Building Design 1. Prepare a \"Building Inventory\" outlining the structure, floor area, number of floors, building height, fire risk level, fire resistance rating, seismic design requirements, as well as evacuation routes and safety exits ； 2. Measures taken for fire prevention, explosion prevention, blast resistance, explosion venting, corrosion protection, and fire resistance ； 3. Facilities for ventilation, smoke prevention, smoke exhaust, dust removal, temperature reduction, etc. IX. Design elements of fire protection facilities 1. Fire water sources, fire pump rooms, and fire water pipelines ； 2. Outdoor fire hydrant systems, fire monitors, water spray systems, foam fire extinguishing systems, etc ； 3. Indoor fire hydrant systems, automatic sprinkler systems, and gas fire extinguishing systems, etc ； 4. Placement of portable fire extinguishers. X. Other design elements for preventive facilities 1. Preventive measures against natural disasters such as floods, typhoons, geological disasters, earthquakes, and ice and snow disasters ； 2. Noise and burn prevention measures ； 3. Installation of guardrails, safety signs, wind vanes, etc ； 4. Installation of safety showers and eyewash stations ； 5. Recommendations for the provision of personal protective equipment 6. Safety measures to address other hazardous and harmful factors. XI. Emergency measures for accidents and emergency rescue facilities
1. Design or reliance on fire stations, gas protection stations, medical emergency facilities, etc ； 2. Estimation of the maximum amount of water that could be discharged in an accident, and emergency measures to prevent such discharge outside the plant/limits ； 3. Recommendations for the allocation of emergency rescue supplies. XII. Recommendations regarding the establishment of safety management departments and the allocation of safety personnel in enterprises involved in construction projects 1. The acceptance status of the recommendations contained in the safety assessment report for the construction project, the report on the safety and reliability assessment of chemical processes to be used for the first time, and the report on the risk assessment of reactions in fine chemical industries should include the following information: a) The acceptance status of the safety measures and recommendations related to the engineering design ； b) Reasons why safety measures and recommendations were not adopted in the engineering design.