(Daily Question) Coal-to-Oil and Olefins Forum, 2018.2.1
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3.jpg Participation: Prize of 5 Wealth； Correct answer: Reward of 10 wealth points ； Note: This post is valid for 48 hours. Question: What is the working principle of the surface condenser in the turbine of an (DMTO) olefin separation unit? A condenser in which the turbine exhaust and cooling water are separated by the surface of copper tubes and do not come into contact with each other is called a surface-type condenser. This type of condenser ensures the maintenance of a high vacuum in the condenser and the production of clean condensate water that contains almost no oxygen and has a very low subcooling. The working principle of a surface condenser is that the exhaust steam from the turbine enters the steam side of the condenser. The circulating water pump continuously supplies cooling water into the copper tubes on the water side of the condenser, where it removes the heat from the exhaust steam. As a result, the exhaust steam, cooled by the water, condenses into water, its volume decreasing drastically (by about one in 30,000 of its original volume), thereby creating a high vacuum inside the condenser. After the non-condensable gas flows into the air cooling zone, it is drawn out through the air extraction port. Note: The answer will be announced automatically in two days!
Answer: Working principle of a surface condenser: The condenser is equipped with numerous copper tubes through which circulating cooling water flows. When the exhaust steam from the turbine comes into contact with the outer surface of the copper tubes in the condenser, it is cooled by the water flowing inside the tubes; as a result, the latent heat of vaporization is released and turns into condensed water. This latent heat is continuously transferred through the walls of the copper tubes to the circulating cooling water, where it is carried away. In this way, the exhaust steam is continuously condensed through the condenser. When the exhaust steam is cooled, its specific volume decreases sharply; as a result, a higher vacuum is created inside the condenser at the turbine exhaust outlet. When the condenser is in operation, cooling water enters from the lower half of the front water chamber, passes through the cooling pipes (heat exchange tubes) to reach the rear water chamber, turns upward, then flows back to the front water chamber via the cooling pipes in the upper half, before being discharged. Low-temperature steam enters through the steam inlet, flows downward through the gaps between the cooling water pipes, releases heat to the pipe walls, and then condenses into water.
Working principle of a surface condenser: The condenser is equipped with numerous copper tubes through which circulating cooling water flows. When the exhaust steam from the turbine comes into contact with the outer surface of the copper tubes in the condenser, it is cooled by the water flowing inside the tubes; as a result, the latent heat of vaporization is released and turns into condensed water. This latent heat is continuously transferred through the walls of the copper tubes to the circulating cooling water, where it is carried away. In this way, the exhaust steam is continuously condensed through the condenser. When the exhaust steam is cooled, its specific volume decreases sharply; as a result, a higher vacuum is created inside the condenser at the turbine exhaust outlet. When the condenser is in operation, cooling water enters from the lower half of the front water chamber, passes through the cooling pipes (heat exchange tubes) to reach the rear water chamber, turns upward, then flows back to the front water chamber via the cooling pipes in the upper half, before being discharged. The low-temperature steam enters through the steam inlet, flows downward through the gaps between the cooling water pipes, releases heat to the pipe walls, and then condenses into water
The condenser is equipped with a large number of copper tubes through which circulating cooling water flows. When the exhaust steam from the turbine comes into contact with the outer surface of the copper tubes in the condenser, it is cooled by the water flowing inside the tubes, and the latent heat of vaporization is released as condensed water
A condenser in which the turbine exhaust and cooling water are separated by the surface of copper tubes and do not come into contact with each other is called a surface-type condenser. This type of condenser ensures the maintenance of a high vacuum in the condenser and the production of clean condensate water that contains almost no oxygen and has a very low subcooling. The working principle of a surface condenser is that the exhaust steam from the turbine enters the steam side of the condenser. The circulating water pump continuously supplies cooling water into the copper tubes on the water side of the condenser, where it removes the heat from the exhaust steam. As a result, the exhaust steam, cooled by the water, condenses into water, its volume decreasing drastically (by about one in 30,000 of its original volume), thereby creating a high vacuum inside the condenser. After the non-condensable gas flows into the air cooling zone, it is drawn out through the air extraction port.
After leaving the low-pressure cylinder, the turbine exhaust enters the shell side of the condenser; circulating water supplied by the circulation water pump flows inside the condenser tubes as a cooling medium, which condenses the exhaust into water. It is then pumped into the condensate system via a condensate pump for reuse.
Working principle of a surface condenser: The condenser is equipped with numerous copper tubes through which circulating cooling water flows. When the exhaust steam from the turbine comes into contact with the outer surface of the copper tubes in the condenser, it is cooled by the water flowing inside the tubes; as a result, the latent heat of vaporization is released and turns into condensed water. This latent heat is continuously transferred through the walls of the copper tubes to the circulating cooling water, where it is carried away. In this way, the exhaust steam is continuously condensed through the condenser. When the exhaust steam is cooled, its specific volume decreases sharply; as a result, a higher vacuum is created inside the condenser at the turbine exhaust outlet.
A condenser in which the turbine exhaust and cooling water are separated by the surface of copper tubes and do not come into contact with each other is called a surface-type condenser. This type of condenser ensures the maintenance of a high vacuum in the condenser and the production of clean condensate water that contains almost no oxygen and has a very low subcooling. The working principle of a surface condenser is that the exhaust steam from the turbine enters the steam side of the condenser. The circulating water pump continuously supplies cooling water into the copper tubes on the water side of the condenser, where it removes the heat from the exhaust steam. As a result, the exhaust steam, cooled by the water, condenses into water, its volume decreasing drastically (by about one in 30,000 of its original volume), thereby creating a high vacuum inside the condenser. After the non-condensable gas flows into the air cooling zone, it is drawn out through the air extraction port.
A condenser in which the turbine exhaust and cooling water are separated by the surface of copper tubes and do not come into contact with each other is called a surface-type condenser. This type of condenser ensures the maintenance of a high vacuum in the condenser and the production of clean condensate water that contains almost no oxygen and has a very low subcooling. The working principle of a surface condenser is that the exhaust steam from the turbine enters the steam side of the condenser. The circulating water pump continuously supplies cooling water into the copper tubes on the water side of the condenser, where it removes the heat from the exhaust steam. As a result, the exhaust steam, cooled by the water, condenses into water, its volume decreasing drastically (by about one in 30,000 of its original volume), thereby creating a high vacuum inside the condenser. After the non-condensable gas flows into the air cooling zone, it is drawn out through the air extraction port.
The main steam from the boiler exits through the nozzles inside the turbine, driving the rotor blades to expand and perform work; this causes the turbine rotor to rotate at high speed, which in turn drives the compressor to supply steam outward. Ultimately, the low-temperature and low-pressure exhaust steam flows into the condenser where it is condensed into water. This water is then pumped to the low-temperature heater and deaerator for heating and deoxygenation, before being sent to the boiler via a feed pump to increase its temperature and pressure, thus turning it into high-temperature and high-pressure main steam that is fed into the turbine. The steam in the turbine expands from the inlet to the exhaust port, with the volume per unit mass of steam increasing by hundreds or even thousands of times; therefore, the height of the blades at each stage must be increased progressively. High-power condensing steam turbines require a large exhaust area, and the last-stage blades must be made very long.
The main steam from the boiler exits through the nozzles inside the turbine, driving the rotor blades to expand and perform work; this causes the turbine rotor to rotate at high speed, which in turn drives the compressor to supply steam outward. Ultimately, the low-temperature and low-pressure exhaust steam flows into the condenser where it is condensed into water. This water is then pumped to the low-temperature heater and deaerator for heating and deoxygenation, before being sent to the boiler via a feed pump to increase its temperature and pressure, thus turning it into high-temperature and high-pressure main steam that is fed into the turbine. The steam in the turbine expands from the inlet to the exhaust port, with the volume per unit mass of steam increasing by hundreds or even thousands of times; therefore, the height of the blades at each stage must be increased progressively. High-power condensing steam turbines require a large exhaust area, and the last-stage blades must be made very long.