Treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater in the circuit board industry

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Fluorides are widely present in nature. They can be found in the wastewater from non-ferrous metal, steel, and aluminum processing plants, coke production facilities, glass manufacturers, electronics industries, electroplating plants, fertilizer and pesticide factories, as well as in wastewater containing fluor minerals. Fluoride pollution is a global problem. The normal fluoride concentration in drinking water ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L; levels exceeding 1.0 mg/L can lead to fluoride poisoning, and severe cases may result in skeletal fluorosis. Industrial wastewater from certain specific industries also contains high concentrations of fluoride ions, which require effective treatment urgently. The treatment of fluoride-containing drinking water and industrial wastewater remains an unresolved issue in China and many other parts of the world. Current methods for removing fluoride include coagulation sedimentation, adsorption filtration, electrocoagulation, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. However, the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater is often plagued by problems such as unstable water quality in the treated effluent, excessive use of chemicals, large amounts of sludge generated, and high moisture content in that sludge. To meet enterprises’ needs for efficient, simple, and cost-effective treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater, Haipu’s adsorption method developed using special adsorbent materials offers significant advantages over other fluoride removal techniques in terms of operating costs, efficiency, safety, and prevention of secondary pollution. The special adsorbent materials, with their strong resistance to interfering ions and stable performance, can be used repeatedly over long periods. This addresses the issues associated with limited adsorption capacity of conventional adsorbents and the need for frequent regeneration. The processes using these products can be applied to treat drinking water, industrial wastewater, and industrial effluents with varying fluoride concentrations and different scale of operations. Thanks to its practical nano-hybrid fluoride removal adsorbents and corresponding treatment processes, Haipu has helped many customers meet their requirements for treating fluoride-containing wastewater.

**Application Example 1:** A mining company generates groundwater with a fluoride content of around 1.4 mg/L during ore extraction. This company required that the fluoride content in the treated wastewater be reduced to below 0.5 mg/L. Experimental results showed that using Haipu’s nano-hybrid fluoride removal adsorbents achieved a fluoride ion removal rate of over 92%, allowing the fluoride content in the treated water to be kept below 0.5 mg/L. This ensures that the customer’s requirements are met while also providing a safety margin to prevent fluctuations in the quality of the input wastewater from causing the treated water to fail to meet standards.
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**Application Example 2:** Another company produces wastewater with a fluoride content of around 300 mg/L, and it required that the fluoride content in the treated wastewater be reduced to below 10.0 mg/L. Using Haipu’s nano-hybrid fluoride removal adsorbents, the fluoride ion removal rate remained above 96%, resulting in a fluoride content in the treated water that was below 10.0 mg/L.
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**Application Example 3:** A company generates 100 tons per day of wastewater with a pH of 9.5 and a fluoride content of 10.5 mg/L. The required treatment level was to reduce the fluoride content to ≤1 mg/L. Our company used nano-hybrid fluoride removal adsorbents to remove fluoride ions from this wastewater, achieving a significant reduction in fluoride content that met the customer’s requirements.
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**Advantages of Haipu’s Special Adsorption Methods for Treating Fluoride-Containing Wastewater:** The advantages of using adsorption methods for treating fluoride-containing wastewater include: (1) Efficient removal of fluoride from wastewater, with high removal rates, ensuring that the fluoride concentration in the treated water remains below 0.5 mg/L ； (2) It can be implemented in the form of modular components, allowing flexible adjustment according to production capacity; it is easy to install ； (3) The process is relatively efficient and practical, with less sediment formation ；